Multidimensional Ratio Scaling Analysis of Perceived Color Relations

Helm, Carl E.

doi:10.1364/josa.54.000256

Cited by 103 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Table 3 must be qualified since the stimulus sets differ in the number of ob- At the moment there is no accepted standard for deciding when such a percentage is sufficiently high to warrant the appellation "good fit." Reports from various studies in the literature, each one concluding that its data fit the Euclidean model, range from 94.4 to 98.1% (Helm, 1964;Indow & Kanazawa, 1960;Indow & Uchlzono , 1960;Torgerson, 1958). Considering the fact that our data are based on fewer judgments per stimulus pair and are not pooled over Ss, we can conclude that, on the basis of this index, our data fit the Euclidean model as well as data from other studies in the literature.…”

Section: Goodness Of Fitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Judgments of similarity and spatial models

Hyman

Well

1967

Perception & Psychophysics

102

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In the present study we investigated judgments of similarity between pairs of objects that differed on two dimensions. We were concerned with the question that was raised by Attneave (1950): How does the overall judgment of similarity depend upon differences on the dimensional components?Since 1950, two alternative answers have been proposed. Both answers assume that [udgments of similarity can be represented by a "spatial model." The assumption of a spatial model emphasizes the perceived difference or dissimilarity between two objects rather than the perceived similarity. The perceived dissimilarity (or the complement of the judged similarity) is treated as if it has the properties of a distance metric. The additional assumption is made that the set of psychological distances between all pairs of specified objects can be embedded within an n-dimensional coordinate space. The question of which spatial model is appropriate, then, is the question of what is the form of the space in which the psychological' distances can be embedded. And this question, in turn, reduces to one about the nature of the function which relates perceived distance to perceived differences on the component dimensions. Attneave (1950) proposed the answer, on the basis of his research, that the appropriate spatial model was of a non-Euclidean form-a form which has subsequently become known as the "city block" model. According to this answer, the perceived distance between two objects can be represented as the sum of the perceived differences on the component dimensions.Torgerson (1952), following the earlier suggestion of Richardson (1938), concluded that the Euclidean space was appropriate, at least for his data. In the Euclidean model the perceived distance between two objects is related to the component differences by means of the Pythagorean theorem.These conclusions about the appropriate spatial model are based on two different types of evidence or approaches-the approach of multidimensional scaling and the approach of multidimensional psychophysics. In the scaling approach, the investigator assumes he knows the appropriate spatial model. So far this approach has restricted itself to the Euclidean model. Assuming a Euclidean space, the investigator treats the obtained judgments as distances in an n-dimensional space, and he extracts a number of dimensions sufficient to reproduce adequately the original distances. The appropriateness of the model is determined by how well these dimensions reproduce the original distances. The decision as to whether the "goodness of fit" to the model is adequate is "absolute," in that no comparison is made with a specified alternative model. If the amount of variance accounted for exceeds an arbitrary value -a value which is rarely specified in advance and for which there is no consensual standard-then the Euclidean metric is declared appropriate. In the psychophysical approach the investigator assumes he knows the component dimensions. He then attempts to directly decide which combinatorial rule or spati...

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Section: Goodness Of Fitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major evidence for the Euclidean model comes from studies in which the stimulus objects were color patches varying in such dimensions as hue, chroma, and value (Torgerson, 1952;Helm. 1964;Indow & Kanazawa, 1960;Indow & Uchizono, 1960).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Judgments of similarity and spatial models

Hyman

Well

1967

Perception & Psychophysics

102

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“…Há diversas defi nições para espaço de cores na literatura científi ca (Backhaus, 1998;Brainard, 2003;Helm, 1964;Indow, 1995;Paramei, 1996;Shepard & Carroll, 1966). Neste texto, utilizou-se a expressão espaço de cores em três situações: na representação gráfi ca das relações entre as cores, o que inclui os desenhos esquemáticos da Antigüidade; nos espaços de cores obtidos por experimentos fi siológicos; e nos espaços de cores perceptuais construídos com os resultados de métodos psicofísicos.…”

Section: Defi Nindo O Termo Espaço De Coresunclassified

Espaço de cores

Feitosa-Santana¹,

Oiwa²,

Costa³

et al. 2006

Psicol. USP

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O artigo apresenta definições para os termos espaço de cores e sistemas de cores; classifica, de acordo com David Brainard (2003), os sistemas de cores em dois grupos: aparência de cores e diferenças de cores. Dentre os diversos sistemas de cores existentes, o artigo descreve dois deles: o sistema de cores Munsell &– um dos mais utilizados entre os sistemas de aparência de cores &– e a descrição do sistema de cores CIE 1931 &– um dos mais utilizados dentre os sistemas de diferença de cores. Faz-se uma retrospectiva histórica da busca por espaços de cores que representem a percepção de cores humana assim como as diversas reconstruções de espaços de cores por métodos eletrofisiológicos ou psicofísicos. Muitas dessas reconstruções utilizam a escala multidimensional (mds). O artigo também introduz a possibilidade da reconstrução dos espaços de cores de pacientes com discromatopsia adquirida como uma distorção do espaço de indivíduos tricromatas normais.

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“…One means of biasing participants to focus on all relevant dimensions within a shape set is to provide a context for similarity estimates. Such contextual anchors were used by Helm (1964) in the color domain (albeit for the purpose of obtaining ratio similarity estimates of colors). Helm presented pairs of anchor colors at fixed points on a grid and asked participants to place a third color at a location on the grid that reflected their perception of the similarity of the target color to the two anchors.…”

Section: Subjective Shape Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the structural determinants of object confusion in memory: An assessment of psychophysical approaches to estimating visual similarity

Desmarais

Dixon

2005

Perception & Psychophysics

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Computer-generated shapes varying on visual dimensions such as curvature, tapering, and thickness have been used to investigate identification deficits in the category-specific visual agnosia (CSVA) Patient E.L.M.. However, whether the implemented variations on each of these dimensions were perceived by novice observers as "similar amounts of change" is unknown. To estimate distance in psychophysical shape space, sets of shapes were developed using two different scaling methods-an objective method based on visual search, and a subjective method based on judgments of similarity-and a third approach that did not involve scaling. How well each method estimated psychophysical shape space was assessed by measuring the confusions within memory among the shapes. The results suggested that, although neither of the approaches perfectly reflected psychophysical shape space, subjective scaling was a better estimator of distance in psychophysical shape space than were other approaches. The number of confusions produced on each set of shapes was used to develop a new set of shapes that accurately estimated distance in psychophysical shape space. These results suggest that a combination of approaches is preferable in order to accurately estimate distance in psychophysical shape space.

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Multidimensional Ratio Scaling Analysis of Perceived Color Relations

Cited by 103 publications

References 12 publications

Judgments of similarity and spatial models

Judgments of similarity and spatial models

Espaço de cores

Understanding the structural determinants of object confusion in memory: An assessment of psychophysical approaches to estimating visual similarity

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