“…As the most essential energy in the world, crude oil is important for national economy and social stability [1] , [2] . However, the internal & external influence, including oil supply and demand, global economic fundamentals, financial crisis, major public health affairs, geopolitical conflicts and so on, may cause extreme swings in the crude markets [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] . Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), global crude prices have experienced unprecedented extreme fluctuations with significant increases or drops [7] , [8] , [9] .…”