Multidimensional vector model of stimulus–response compatibility.

Yamaguchi, Motonori; Proctor, Robert W.

doi:10.1037/a0026620

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Whenever preparation demands are too lenient, instruction-based S-R congruency effects are absent. In contrast, execution-based S-R congruency effects, such as the task-rule congruency effect in task switching seem to be independent of task readiness (Yamaguchi & Proctor, 2012) and based on S-R associations in long-term memory (Meiran & Kessler, 2008). While research on instruction implementation undeniable shows that the practice or execution of S-R mappings is not a prerequisite to obtain S-R congruence, practice may still result in a transfer from short-term S-R associations that are formed initially on the basis of instructions to S-R associations in long-term memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Automatic motor activation by mere instruction

Everaert

Theeuwes

Liefooghe

et al. 2014

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Previous behavioral studies have shown that instructions about stimulus-response (S-R) mappings can influence task performance even when these instructions are irrelevant for the current task. In the present study, we tested whether automatic effects of S-R instructions occur because the instructed stimuli automatically activate their corresponding responses. We registered the lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) that were evoked by the instructed stimuli while participants were performing a task for which those mappings were irrelevant. Instructed S-R mappings clearly affected task performance in electrophysiological and behavioral measures. The LRP was found to deflect in the direction of the response tendency that corresponded with the instructed S-R mapping. Early activation of the instructed response was observed but occurred predominantly on slow trials. In contrast, response conflict evoked by instructed S-R mappings did not modulate the N2 amplitude. The results strongly suggest that, like experienced S-R mappings, instructed S-R mappings can lead to automatic response activation, but possibly via a different route

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Automatic motor activation by mere instruction

Everaert

Theeuwes

Liefooghe

et al. 2014

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…The Simon effect has been a useful tool in investigating the fundamental mechanisms underlying response selection (Hommel, 2011;Kornblum et al, 1990;Yamaguchi & Proctor, 2012). In the present study, the transfer paradigm was used to examine the role of set-level compatibility and response mode in transfer of learning in choice reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of learning in choice reactions: The roles of stimulus type, response mode, and set-level compatibility

2015

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The Simon effect refers to the advantage of responding to spatially compatible stimuli. This effect can be eliminated or even reversed to favor spatially incompatible stimuli after participants practice a choice-reaction task with spatially incompatible mappings (e.g., pressing left and right keys to stimuli on the right and left, respectively). This transfer of incompatible spatial associations has been observed under conditions in which responses were made manually (e.g., keypresses, moving a joystick). The present study used vocal responses to reveal the primary determinants of the transfer effect, dissociating the influences of stimulus type, response mode, and their interaction (set-level compatibility). The results suggest that contextual match between the practice and transfer tasks with respect to stimulus type and response mode determined transfer of incompatible associations to the Simon task, and stimulus type determined the efficiency of acquiring new associations. However, there was little evidence that setlevel compatibility plays any major role in either acquisition or transfer of spatial associations.

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“…Debate has centered on whether the spatial stimulus code is a result of a shift of attention to the stimulus (e.g., Rubichi, Nicoletti, Iani, & Umiltà, 1997) or of relations of the stimulus to various reference frames (e.g., Yamaguchi & Proctor, 2012). The spatial response codes are often credited to the spatial nature of the required response discrimination (e.g., Ansorge & Wühr, 2004;Wühr & Ansorge, 2007).…”

Section: Dual-route Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation of S-R compatibility and Simon effects with mixed tasks and mappings.

Proctor

Yamaguchi²,

Dutt³

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Binary-choice reactions are typically faster when the stimulus location corresponds with that of the response than when it does not. This advantage of spatial correspondence is known as the stimulusresponse compatibility (SRC) effect when the mapping of stimulus location, as the relevant stimulus dimension, is varied to be compatible or incompatible with response location. It is called the Simon effect when stimulus location is task-irrelevant. The SRC effect is eliminated when compatible and incompatible spatial mappings are mixed within a trial block, and the Simon effect is eliminated when the Simon task is mixed with the SRC task with incompatible spatial mapping. Eliminations of both types have been attributed to suppression of an automatic response-activation route. We tested predictions of this suppression hypothesis for conditions in which the SRC and Simon tasks were intermixed and the spatial mappings on the SRC trials could be compatible or incompatible. In Experiment 1, the two tasks were equally likely, as were compatible and incompatible spatial mappings on SRC trials; in Experiment 2, the SRC or Simon task was more frequent; and, in Experiment 3, the compatible or incompatible location mapping for the SRC task was more frequent. The SRC effect was absent overall in all experiments, whereas the Simon effect was robust to the manipulations and showed the characteristic decrease across the reaction time (RT) distribution. This dissociation of effects implies that the automatic responseactivation route is not suppressed in mixed conditions and suggests that mixing influences the SRC and Simon effects by different means.

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Multidimensional vector model of stimulus–response compatibility.

Cited by 57 publications

References 131 publications

Automatic motor activation by mere instruction

Automatic motor activation by mere instruction

Transfer of learning in choice reactions: The roles of stimulus type, response mode, and set-level compatibility

Dissociation of S-R compatibility and Simon effects with mixed tasks and mappings.

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