“…Given the limited time and number of questions during an open-book exam or quiz, it is important for instructors to regularly design more comprehensive assignments and projects to consolidate students' learning through problem-solving. This can be achieved through problem-based learning (PBL) pedagogy, which is part of the larger group of inquiry-based learning pedagogical frameworks (Bogoslowski, Geng, Gao, Rajabzadeh, & Srinivasan, 2021;Geng, Srinivasan, Gao, Bogoslowski, & Rajabzadeh, 2022;Rajabzadeh, Mehrtash, & Srinivasan, 2022;. In this type of pedagogy, learners apply the concepts and skills to solve problems derived from real-world situations.…”