Multidrug Resistance Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms to β-Lactams and Fluoroquinolones in Bacterial Isolates from Hospital Wastewater in Bangladesh

Abstract

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the deadliest public health concerns of the 21st century, rendering many powerful antibiotics ineffective. The current study provides important insights into the prevalence and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in hospital wastewater isolates. In this study, we determined the MDR profile of 68 bacterial isolates collected from five different hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Of them, 48 bacterial isolates were identified as Enterobacteriaceae. Additionally, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of five beta-lactam resistance genes, as well as quinolone resistance mechanisms among the isolates. The results of this study showed that 87% of the wastewater isolates were resistant to at least three different antibiotic classes, as revealed using the disc diffusion method. Resistance to β-lactams was the most common, with 88.24% of the isolates being resistant, closely followed by macrolides (80.88% resistant). Polymyxin was found to be the most effective against wastewater isolates, with 29.41% resistant isolates. The most common β-lactam resistance genes found in wastewater isolates were blaTEM (76.09%), blaCTX-M1 (71.74%), and blaNDM (67.39%). Two missense mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA (S83L and D87N) and one in both parC (S80I) and parE (S458A) were identified in all isolates, and one in parE (I529L), which had not previously been identified in Bangladesh. These findings suggest that hospital wastewater acts as an important reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria wherein resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones are obvious. Our data also emphasize the need for establishing a nationwide surveillance system for antibiotic resistance monitoring to ensure that hospitals sanitize their wastewater before disposal, and regulation to ensure hospital wastewater is kept away from community settings.

Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria from Healthy Children in Osun State, Nigeria

“…Similar resistant genes ( gyrA_ S83L, gyrA_ D87N, parC_ S80I, and parE_ S458A) identified from this study in presumptively healthy children have been reported in disease cases of children admitted to hospitals in Bangladesh and Benin [ 43 , 44 ]. The presence of these enteric pathogens isolated from presumptive healthy children is of great concern as these children serve as potential reservoirs for transmission of these pathogens to other susceptible individuals.…”

Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Waste Water Samples of Dhaka, Bangladesh

“…The spread pattern of Multiple drug resistance (MDR) explores a threatening risk for human boosting up morbidity, mortality and cost. 12 Untreated waste water may facilitate more spread of multi drug resistance (MDR). In the present study, the physico-chemical parameters of collected samples were measured and the results of the physico-chemical parameters of collected samples are shown in Table 1.…”

“…11 Not only that, several virulence factors are spread out due to multidrug resistance (MDR) in health care centers and others community settings impacting economic and social aspects, less productivity and high poverty rate. 12 Considering the concerning fact relating to multidrug resistance of P. aeruginosa, the present study was designed to isolate and identify environmental P. aeruginosa from 2 types of waste water samples and show their antibiotic resistance pattern. Besides, pH, temperature, DO (Dissolve Oxygen), TDS (Total Dissolve Solids), TVC (Total Viable Count), TC (Total Coliform) of the collected water samples were also documented as well.…”