Multidrug Resistant<i>Salmonella typhi</i>in Asymptomatic Typhoid Carriers among Food Handlers in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu

Senthilkumar, B.; Prabakaran, G.

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.16046

Cited by 49 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The prevalence of S. Typhi in the present study (2.7%) was higher than that reported from Gondar (1.3%) and Bahir Dar (1.6%), Ethiopia [4,19]. However, high prevalence of S. Typhi in food handlers was reported from Sudan (3.8%) [20] and India (17.14%) [21]. These findings indicate that food handlers who carry S. Typhi might play a role in the foodborne spread of S. Typhi.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

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Salmonella serotypeTyphi, Shigella, and intestinal parasites among food handlers at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia

Abera

Yitayew²,

Amare³

2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction:Food handlers play a major role in the transmission of Salmonella serotype Typhi (S. Typhi), Shigella, and intestinal parasites. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of S. Typhi, Shigella, and intestinal parasites among food handlers at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2014. Stool samples from 410 food handlers were examined for bacterial pathogens and parasites. Pearson's Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used where appropriate. Results: The prevalence of S. Typhi, Shigella, and intestinal parasites among food handlers was 11 (2.7%), 5 (1.2%), and 53 (12.9%), respectively. Among eight intestinal parasites identified, the two most prevalent intestinal parasites were hookworm 26 (6.3%) and G. lamblia 13 (3.1%). Male food handlers were more likely to be positive than were female food handlers for S. Typhi and intestinal parasites. Furthermore, food handlers who had a history of regular medical checkups were less infected with intestinal parasites. Being male (AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.4) and not attending medical checkups (AOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4, 6.1) were independent predictors of intestinal parasitic infection in food handlers. Male food handlers were reluctant to have regular parasitological examinations. Conclusions: There was a high proportion of food handlers with S. Typhi, Shigella, and intestinal parasites in their faces. Special emphasis should be placed on S. Typhicarriers and male food handlers. Education and periodical medical checkups for intestinal parasites and S. Typhi should be considered as intervention measures.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…In this study, the prevalence of Shigella spp. among food handlers (1.5%) conforms to reports from Jordan (1.4%)and Sudan (1.3%) [20,22]. It is known that Shigellaand S. Typhido not have any natural reservoirs except humans; therefore, primary modes of transmission are associated with poor sanitation and hygiene practices of food handlers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Salmonella serotypeTyphi, Shigella, and intestinal parasites among food handlers at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia

Abera

Yitayew²,

Amare³

2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…In Ghana [12], 258 asymptomatic food vendors were screened and Salmonella was isolated from 6 (2.3%). In India [5], among 35 individuals screened 6 (17.14%) were positive for Salmonella.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmonella infection most commonly occurs in countries with poor standards of hygiene in food preparation and handling and where sanitary disposal of sewage is lacking. It mainly occurs in the tropics and sub tropics in Africa, India, Pakistan South East Asia and South America [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Salmonella Carriage among Asymptomatic Food-Handlers in Southern Ethiopia

Birhaneselassie¹

2013

IJNFS

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Abstract:Background: Salmonella is the most frequently reported cause of food borne illness in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to screen food handlers in the Dilla area of Southern Ethiopia and to assess the scale of carriage of Salmonella species and to offer prophylaxis followed by re-testing and advice on personal and food hygiene as appropriate. Method: Stool samples were collected from a total of 107 food handlers from various establishments in the area. Enrichment culture using Selenite broth and sub-culture on to Deoxycholate Citrate agar was used followed by identification to genus level by use of a commercially available biochemical kit and polyvalent antisera. Result: Salmonella was isolated from one food handler only and this person could not be traced having left her employment and not having left a forwarding address. Conclusion: As food poisoning is a main issue in Ethiopia further epidemiological research, to monitor those found to be infected is mandatory.

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“…Geographically, the emergence and spreading of multidrug resistant S. enterica serovar Typhi have been reported from developing countries, particularly the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia (Chitnis et al, 1999;Rao et al, 1993). The emergences of the drug resistant S. Typhi strains possess major challenge in the treatment and prevention of typhoid fever, particularly, in rural India population (Senthilkumar and Prabakaran, 2005). Therefore, it is essential to reappraise the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates periodically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterisation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolated from Typhoidial Humans

Das¹,

Hari²,

Shalini³

et al. 2012

MJM

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Aims: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the major causative agent for typhoidial fever around the globe among human population reported till date. Present research work was carried out for detection and molecular characterisation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from humans with Typhoidial fever by biochemical, phenotypical and virulence gene based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The isolated strains were also investigated for antibiotic susceptibility patterns as a control measure. Methodology and Results: A total of 16 clinical samples were collected from the same numbers of patients (7 males and 9 females) from Coimbatore, Erode and Salem districts of Tamil Nadu and were processed via broth enrichment methods for isolation and identification of the causative agent S. enterica serovar Typhi. Microbiological and biochemical investigations revealed the presence of S. Typhi from 16 samples. The biotyping of the isolates showed that all the isolates belonged to biotype IV. The PCR analysis confirmed the presence of invA (Invasion gene, 244bp), tyv (Tyvelose epimerase gene, 615 bp), fliC-d (Phage-1 flagellin gene for d-antigen, 750 bp) and viaB (Vi antigen gene, 439bp) in all 16 clinical samples. The antibiotic susceptibility test that was carried out among the isolates against 12 antimicrobial agents, showed 100 % resistance to only ampicillin and 100 % sensitivity to carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and tetracycline. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study confirmed the association of virulent strains of S. enterica serovar Typhi from Typhoidial fever among human population and suggested that PCR based diagnostic could be very useful for the rapid detection of S. Typhi isolates. Present study emphasized the use of antibiotic like chloramphenicol or in combination with other antibiotics for the effective control of S. Typhi.

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Multidrug ResistantSalmonella typhiin Asymptomatic Typhoid Carriers among Food Handlers in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu

Abstract: This study shows that drug resistant strains are able to transfer genes encoding drug resistance.

Cited by 49 publications

References 13 publications

Salmonella serotypeTyphi, Shigella, and intestinal parasites among food handlers at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia

Salmonella serotypeTyphi, Shigella, and intestinal parasites among food handlers at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia

A Study of Salmonella Carriage among Asymptomatic Food-Handlers in Southern Ethiopia

Molecular Characterisation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolated from Typhoidial Humans

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