Multidrug resistant <i>Salmonellae</i> isolated from blood culture samples of suspected typoid patients in Warri, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the prevalence of R-plasmids in Salmonella sp. isolated from blood samples of suspected typhoid patients in Warri, Nigeria. A total of 136 blood samples were collected between May and December,2009 and screened for the presence of Salmonellae using standard blood culture techniques of which 20(14.7%) was positive for the pathogen. The multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates obtained (n=16; 80.0%), exhibiting the Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Cotrimoxazole and Tetracyclin (ACCoT) resistance profile, were subjected to plasmid curing. All (100%) of these MDR isolates bore their resistance markers on plasmids, as they lost their resistance sequel to the curing experiment. The low prevalence (14.7%) of the pathogen in the blood samples indicate that a good number of the suspected typhoid cases may not be incidences of the disease afterall. Furthermore, the high prevalence of MDR and plasmid-mediated MDR (80.0% and 100% respectively) isolates, suggest that treatment failures may be rampant if precise susceptibility test is not conducted prior to prescription.

A systemic review of literatures on human Salmonella enterica serovars in Nigeria (1999-2018)

“…There is variability in occurrence of Salmonellaassociated diseases and proportion of Salmonella pathogens across the states with published articles, based on the summation of reported published data in those states. For instance, SS recorded highest occurrence (12.3%) of Salmonella blood stream infection from four scientific publications [12,[51][52][53] and the SW geo-political zone with highest published articles [11, 16-18, 19, 38, 41, 42-44, 58, 63-66] recorded 3.4% prevalence of Salmonella bacteraemia. Interestingly, highest proportion of Salmonella bacteraemia 46.9% (1,281/2,732) was found in NW zone from eight studies (Table 1).…”

The occurrence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi in Southern Benue, Nigeria

“…This study reports a 27.3% multidrug resistance rate in S. typhi isolates from patients in Benue South geographical zone. A higher occurrence rate of MDR in S. typhi isolates was reported in Warri, Nigeria 21 , and Nepal 2 . The high prevalence of MDR S. typhi in Ohimini LGA and Otukpo could be attributed to the population density and poor access to health care facilities in these areas.…”

“…The rate of MDR demonstrated by S. typhi isolates especially in children and elderly patients in this study is remarkable and of great concern. Studies by Mandal et al 8 , Kalu et al 29 , Ehewarieme et al 21 and Harriet and Nandita 3 had reported an increased prevalence of multi-drug resistance around the globe. This finding suggests that most of the patients will not respond to treatment if placed on previously effective antibiotics.…”

Prevalence of Salmonella Bloodstream Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance in Lagos, Nigeria.

“…Typhi positivity was reported to be from 7 to 18% in Lagos and from 0.8 to 2.4% in Abuja during the years 2008 to 2017. In Warri, Delta State, Nigeria, a prevalence rate of 14% was reported for Salmonella infections by Ehwarieme (2011) [53] . The decrease in the prevalence of Salmonella infections as observed in this study may be attributed to increased sanitation because Salmonella infections are spread via the fecal-oral route.…”