Multidrug-resistant Salmonellae isolated in Japanese quails reared in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a major bacterial disease causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the period prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica in Japanese quails in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Four hundred cloacal swabs of quail birds were collected from 4 locations within Abeokuta. Salmonella was isolated from the samples using conventional methods for selective isolation of Salmonella and biochemical identification. Isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction assays for the amplification and detection of Salmonella-associated virulence genes (invA and stn) using specific primers. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In all, Salmonella was isolated from 14 (3.5%) cloacal swabs. All 14 isolates possessed invA and stn genes. The Salmonella isolates showed resistance to tetracycline (100%), doxycycline (100%), ampicillin (100%), sulphamethoxazole (92.9%), nalidixic acid (85.8%), ceftazidime (78.6%), neomycin (64.3%), streptomycin (50%) and gentamycin (28.6%) but all the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials indicating multidrug resistance. The results concluded that Japanese quails harbour multidrug-resistant Salmonella which could be transmitted to humans through consumption of contaminated food or by direct and indirect contact with the carrier birds. Antimicrobial resistance could be due to overdependence on antimicrobials. Ciprofloxacin could be considered in the treatment of zoonotic Salmonellosis in humans.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Yersinia</em> in the feces of hunted wildlife in Abeokuta, Nigeria

“…This is similar to other reports where Salmonella isolates from chickens and Japanese quails showed a high level of resistance to ampicillin (80.0% to 100%) and tetracycline (35% to 100%) (Ojo et al, 2012;Omoshaba et al, 2017). The rates of resistance to gentamicin (6.7% in Salmonella and 9.1% in Yersinia) observed in this study were lower than that of 21.4% reported in Salmonella in Japanese quails (Omoshaba et al, 2017). Similarly, Salmonella and Yersinia isolates from this study showed a lower level of resistance to streptomycin (6.7% and 27.3, respectively) than the 57.2% resistance reported in Salmonella in Japanese quails (Omoshaba et al, 2017).…”

“…In our study salmonellae and yersiniae also showed a very high degree of resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline, which are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in veterinary and human medical practices (Ojo et al, 2017). This is similar to other reports where Salmonella isolates from chickens and Japanese quails showed a high level of resistance to ampicillin (80.0% to 100%) and tetracycline (35% to 100%) (Ojo et al, 2012;Omoshaba et al, 2017). The rates of resistance to gentamicin (6.7% in Salmonella and 9.1% in Yersinia) observed in this study were lower than that of 21.4% reported in Salmonella in Japanese quails (Omoshaba et al, 2017).…”

“…The rates of resistance to gentamicin (6.7% in Salmonella and 9.1% in Yersinia) observed in this study were lower than that of 21.4% reported in Salmonella in Japanese quails (Omoshaba et al, 2017). Similarly, Salmonella and Yersinia isolates from this study showed a lower level of resistance to streptomycin (6.7% and 27.3, respectively) than the 57.2% resistance reported in Salmonella in Japanese quails (Omoshaba et al, 2017). Salmonella and Yersinia isolates showed a low resistance below 20.0% to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) similar to those reported by Ojo et al (2012) and Omoshaba et al (2017).…”

“…Similarly, Salmonella and Yersinia isolates from this study showed a lower level of resistance to streptomycin (6.7% and 27.3, respectively) than the 57.2% resistance reported in Salmonella in Japanese quails (Omoshaba et al, 2017). Salmonella and Yersinia isolates showed a low resistance below 20.0% to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) similar to those reported by Ojo et al (2012) and Omoshaba et al (2017). The 26.7% resistance to ceftazidime among Salmonella isolates in this study was lower than the 78.6% reported prymnus).…”

“…To our knowledge, there is no previous report on the detection of Salmonella in the waterbuck and the African giant rat in Nigeria. The detection of Salmonella from these wildlife sources shows that wildlife species should be considered as important reservoirs of Salmonella that could be transmitted to domestic 405 (12.5) 1 (2.5) 1 (2.5) African giant rat 31 (33.3) 0 0 Waterbuck (2) 0 0 1 (50.0) Total 15315 (9.8) 9 (5.9) 2 (1.3) by Omoshaba et al (2017). In the present study, Salmonella showed 100% and Yersinia 72.7% resistance to ceftiofur.…”