Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children

Mukherjee, Joydev; Hs, Schaaf

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3988-4.00052-4

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Respiratory protection (mask for the mother) is advised and the infant should sleep in a separate room. Close follow up for 2 years is recommended 96 . All infants should be separated from mothers with extensive drug‐resistant TB.…”

Section: Tuberculosis In the Very Youngmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuberculosis at extremes of age

Schaaf¹,

Collins²,

Bekker³

et al. 2010

Respirology

143

125

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Although tuberculosis (TB) has its highest burden among young adults, especially since the advent of HIV infection, two other groups with low immunity, the very young (<1 year) with immature immunity and the elderly (>65 years) with waning immunity, are vulnerable groups not to be forgotten. This review describes the epidemiology,clinical aspects,public health aspects and outcome of TB in patients at the extremes of age. The epidemiology differs therein that TB in infants occurs in developing countries with high incidences of TB and HIV, while TB in the elderly occurs in developed countries with ageing populations. The clinical presentation may be non-specific, history of contact with TB is often not known and TB is often not considered at these age extremes, and when the diagnosis is considered, disease progression may already be advanced. Anti-TB treatment regimens are the same as in other age groups, but drug dosages may need adjustment according to weight, renal function, liver function and other potentially complicating factors. Adverse events are more difficult to observe and both the young and the elderly are reliant on others for adherence to treatment. Mortality at both age extremes is higher than in the general TB population. For all the above reasons, public health measures to: prevent transmission of infection; identify those infected and providing preventive therapy; high index of suspicion in order to make an early diagnosis; and timely initiation of treatment are important in both the very young and the elderly.

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Section: Tuberculosis In the Very Youngmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Close follow up for 2 years is recommended. 96 All infants should be separated from mothers with extensive drug-resistant TB. Infants exposed to infectious TB cases after birth should receive chemoprophylaxis as above after excluding TB disease.…”

Section: Public Health Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis at extremes of age

Schaaf¹,

Collins²,

Bekker³

et al. 2010

Respirology

143

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The implication of this is that with increasing adult MDR TB in populations, there would be increasing incidences of pediatric MDR TB. Once a diagnosis of TB is made, MDR TB should be carefully considered by review of household source cases for drug-resistant disease [40]. Child contacts of adults with coinfection of TB HIV should particularly be screened for MDR TB.…”

Section: An Overview Of Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Public Health Issues in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Orogade¹

2015

An Overview of Tropical Diseases

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Drug Resistance is a major challenge in the control of Tuberculosis which itself remains a global public health problem. Resistance is commonly encountered as MDR T" but a subset, XDR T" which has about a comparatively fivefold increase in mortality is now identified in countries worldwide and increasing rates are currently reported from countries. The actual burden of MDR T" is unknown though estimates have been made based on notification of cases which are usually underreported. More so there is under diagnosis in non HIV immune suppressed adults and pediatric populations largely due to lack of readily accessible diagnostic tools. In some case series, MDR T" has been found occurring mostly in newly diagnosed patients or relapse cases after previous cure and completion of treatment rather than in patients with improperly treated disease. Clinical and laboratory monitoring once therapy has been instituted have also been a daunting task both from institutional and patient points of view. The impact of these factors are highlighted and discussed as the world moves towards attainment of the global target to halve T" prevalence and death rates within the context of Millennium Development Goals MDGs .

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Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: a survival guide for paediatricians

Schaaf¹,

Marais²

2011

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Tuberculosis at extremes of age

Tuberculosis at extremes of age

Emerging Public Health Issues in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: a survival guide for paediatricians

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