Multifaceted applications of probiotic Bacillus species in aquaculture with special reference to Bacillus subtilis

Abstract

Microorganisms play an important role in water quality maintenance, waste management, productivity enhancement, nutrient cycling, functional feed development, protection against infectious diseases, delivery of antigens and several other health benefits in aquaculture. The most significant use of microbes in aquaculture to minimize the antibiotics and drugs is through probiotics. The scope of probiotics in modern aquaculture has been enormous due to the detrimental consequences of routinely used antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents and demand for safe aquatic products for human consumption. Since past few decades, both scientific and commercial interests are burgeoning in this field, and over the years, several probiotics are successfully used in aquaculture. Among various probiotics that are being used, Bacillus species are the common probiotics that are used in different aquatic animals. Several probiotics species belonging to Bacillus genus are currently been used, and Bacillus subtilis is one of such probiotics that is very well‐researched and most widely used probiotics in aquaculture. While its probiotic use has already been an important component in diverse aquaculture practices, its application in water quality improvement, utility in bioflocs/bioremediation and vehicle to express and delivery of heterologous antigen are noteworthy. It exerts innumerable beneficial effects such as improvement of growth, nutrition, immunity and disease resistance in aquatic species. This bacterium adopts a variety of disparate and overlapping mechanisms such as synergistic, antagonistic, competitive exclusion and immune‐stimulating effects. This review summarizes various applications of this bacterium as probiotics, bioremediating agent, bioflocing agent and possible live vaccine vehicle in aquaculture.

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112 on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Immune, and Serum Biochemical Response in Broiler Chickens

“…Bacillus subtilis , one of the most well-researched probiotics, has been widely used as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) feed supplement [ 16 , 17 ], thus improving feed digestion and utilization via regulating intestinal flora [ 18 ]. Furthermore, it enhances immunity [ 19 ] and the growth performance of the animal via secretion of various digestive enzymes [ 20 ].…”

Improvement of growth, nutrient utilization and haemato‐immunological parameters in rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) using Bacillus tequilensis (KF623287) through diets or as water additive

“…Bacteria have been identified as the major colonizer within the GI tract of fish. Moreover, copious reports have indicated that genus Bacillus dominates the bacterial community in carps and other freshwater teleosts (for review, see Ghosh et al, 2021;Nayak, 2021;Ray et al, 2012;Soltani et al, 2019). Culture independent studies comprising of high-throughput sequencing also recognized the phylum Firmicutes (to which genus Bacillus belongs) as a dominant group within the carp GI tract (Foysal et al, 2019;Mukherjee et al, 2020).…”

“…Subsequently, several studies have demonstrated probiotic potential of the Bacillus spp. in aquaculture, and their application has been suggested to improve growth, immunity and disease resistance in fish (for review, see Soltani et al, 2019;Nayak, 2021).…”

Untitled

“…Bakterija daro teigiamą poveikį vandens augmenijai ir gyvūnijai, ko pasekoje gerėja ir jūros gėrybių vartotojų sveikata. (Nayak, 2021). 2021 metais publikuotame Nair ir kitų autorių straipsnyje buvo teigiama, kad Bacillus subtilis panaudojimas akvakultūroje prailgino vandens gyvūnų gyvenimo trukmę.…”