Multifaceted Social and Environmental Disruptions Impact on Smallholder Plantations’ Resilience in Indonesia

Abstract

As one of the most productive plantation producers in the world, Indonesia also faces rapid change in both social and environmental systems. These conditions are predicted to become more disruptive to the agricultural sector in the future. Therefore, understanding the impact of social and environmental disruption on smallholder plantations’ resilience is vital to formulate a strategy for the sustainability of farmers’ livelihoods in this country. Using survey data from 360 smallholding farmers in six villages from three districts in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, the study deployed a multidimensional approach to assess smallholders’ resilience to social and environmental disruption as well as towards economic dynamics. There are four dimensions of smallholder resilience, namely, the ability of adaptation, recoverability, anticipation, and farmers’ innovation level. Social disruption was indicated by farmers’ demography, epidemic/family health, social conflict, culture clash, and intention on land conversion. Meanwhile, environmental disruption was shown by natural catastrophe incidents, climate variations, environmentally unfriendly cultivation activities, and land fires. Since the resilience level was classified as binary, bivariate probit model was used in the analysis. The result shows that smallholder plantations in Bengkulu Indonesia are categorized as innovative, and recoverable, but less adaptive, and less anticipatory farmers. Overall, more than 50% of smallholder plantations are classified as less resilient smallholders. The statistical result empirically uncovers that the intentions of land conversion, climate change, and environmentally unfriendly farming activities statistically have a significant contribution to the reduction of smallholder plantations’ resilience. Furthermore, the economic dynamisms such as lack of input availability, price volatility, demand uncertainty, and capital limitation have a significant negative impact on smallholder plantation resilience.

Unveiling the Complexities of Land Use Transition in Indonesia’s New Capital City IKN Nusantara: A Multidimensional Conflict Analysis

“…However, on the other, it necessitates substantial land transitions with profound implications for the country's ecological future and the wellbeing of its people. The country's path forward requires a judicious policy synthesis, where economic ambitions are aligned with the imperatives of preserving natural environments and upholding Indonesian society's social and cultural order [114][115][116].…”

Dampak dari Komposisi Usia Prima dan Intensitas Aset Biologis terhadap Pertumbuhan Berkelanjutan: Kasus di Agrikultur Indonesia

“…Gambar 1. Model Penelitian Sumber: Data Penelitian (2023) Daerah atau perusahaan dengan persentase tinggi komposisi usia prima akan menunjukkan pertumbuhan berkelanjutan yang lebih tinggi karena produktivitas yang lebih stabil (Andani, Dampak dari Komposisi Usia Prima dan Intensitas Aset Biologis terhadap Pertumbuhan Berkelanjutan: Kasus di Agrikultur Indonesia Iwan Suhardjo, Meiliana, Justin, Serena Phang, Aurelia Priscilla Cuandra, Viandi AgustinuS Irham, Jamhari, & Suryantini, 2022). Selain itu, komposisi usia prima selama usia emas perusahaan juga memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan tingkat pertumbuhan berkelanjutan.…”

“…Dengan adanya perubahan iklim, dipercaya menimbulkan tantangan tersendiri terhadap komposisi usia prima tanaman dalam hal keterlambatan pertumbuhan pada tanaman (Daba, 2018;Pathak & Stoddard, 2018). Komposisi usia prima berkaitan dengan struktur usia populasi tanaman perkebunan, yang merupakan cerminan dari produktivitas dan potensi pertumbuhan sektor ini (Andani et al, 2022). Perubahan iklim, termasuk pola cuaca yang tidak stabil, perubahan curah hujan, dan peningkatan suhu global, dapat menghambat pertumbuhan berkelanjutan dengan berdampak negatif pada kesehatan dan produktivitas tanaman (Shahzad et al, 2021).…”

“…Nilai signifikansi pada uji t menunjukkan nilai p-value, karena p-value lebih besar dari 0,050 (0,167 > 0,050), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial Komposisi Usia Prima tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Tingkat Pertumbuhan Keberlanjutan (H1 tidak terbukti). Sehingga, dari hasil ini bertentangan dengan penelitian (Andani et al, 2022;Indriyadi, 2022;Sari et al, 2021). Usia produktif dari tanaman kelapa sawit secara rata-rata dapat mencapai 25 tahun, yang tentunya diharapkan dengan panjangnya usia produktif akan meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan dalam rangka menunjang tingkat pertumbuhan keberlanjutan pada perusahaan agrikultur (Maluin et al, 2020;Sari et al, 2021).…”

Unveiling the Complexities of Land Use Transformation in Indonesia's New Capital City IKN Nusantara: A Multidimensional Conflict Analysis

“…However, on the other, it necessitates substantial land transformations with profound implications for the country's ecological future and the well-being of its people. The country's path forward requires a judicious policy synthesis, where economic ambitions are aligned with the imperatives of preserving natural environments and upholding Indonesian society's social and cultural order (Andani et al, 2022;OBG, 2021;Terra dos Santos et al, 2023).…”