PURPOSE Care of patients with diabetes requires management of complex clinical information, which may be improved by the use of an electronic medical record (EMR); however, the actual relationship between EMR usage and diabetes care quality in primary care settings is not well understood. We assessed the relationship between EMR usage and diabetes care quality in a sample of family medicine practices.
METHODSWe conducted cross-sectional analyses of baseline data from 50 practices participating in a practice improvement study. Between April 2003 and December 2004 chart auditors reviewed a random sample of medical records from patients with diabetes in each practice for adherence to guidelines for diabetes processes of care, treatment, and achievement of intermediate outcomes. Practice leaders provided medical record system information. We conducted multivariate analyses of the relationship between EMR usage and diabetes care adjusting for potential practice-and patient-level confounders and practice-level clustering.RESULTS Diabetes care quality in all practices showed room for improvement; however, after adjustment, patient care in the 37 practices not using an EMR was more likely to meet guidelines for process (odds ratio [OR], 2.25; 95% confi dence interval [CI], 1.42-3.57) treatment (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.07-2.60), and intermediate outcomes (OR, 2.68; 95% CI,) than in the 13 practices using an EMR .
CONCLUSIONSThe use of an EMR in primary care practices is insuffi cient for insuring high-quality diabetes care. Efforts to expand EMR use should focus not only on improving technology but also on developing methods for implementing and integrating this technology into practice reality.
INTRODUCTIONU se of an electronic medical record (EMR) in ambulatory care settings has been widely recommended as a method for reducing errors, improving the quality of health care, and reducing costs. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] One area where EMRs are expected to improve quality is in the management of care for patients with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes. For example, by facilitating the management of complex clinical information, EMRs have been shown to improve the coordination of tasks among members of the health care team, 8 to lead to lower rates of missing clinical information,
11and to support evidence-based clinical decision making. 12-15 Several recent systematic reviews of EMRs and clinical decision support systems have shown that systems developed in-house over many years lead health care institutions to improve adherence to clinical guidelines. [16][17][18] There is little evidence, however, on whether commercially developed multifunctional health information technology systems, such as EMRs, improve patient care in the primary care settings, where most chronic illness care is delivered.
EMR A ND DIA BE T ES C A R E QU A L I T YMuch of the current evidence addressing EMR effectiveness in primary care settings is derived from a few intervention studies and from case study reports. Some studies have doc...