The purpose of this paper is to explore the improvement path of vocational literacy of preschool education students in colleges and universities, and to discuss the corresponding solutions and improvement paths for the current problems of improving vocational literacy of preschool education students in colleges and universities. Firstly, this paper analyzes the concept and significance of vocational literacy of preschool education students, it points out the problems of current vocational literacy of preschool education students, including the disconnection between theoretical knowledge and practical skills, the lack of professional identity and the lack of professional responsibility. The paper also analyzes the problems of current vocational literacy of preschool education majors, including weak theoretical knowledge, insufficient practical experience, and unclear career cognition. Then, this paper proposes corresponding solutions, including strengthening theoretical education, enhancing practical teaching, and improving career cognition, in the light of the actual situation of preschool education majors. This paper proposes solutions to these problems, including strengthening the connection between theoretical education and practical teaching, focusing on the education of professional identity, and strengthening the education of professional ethics. Finally, it puts forward the paths to improve the vocational literacy of preschool education students in colleges and universities, including measures to establish a career-oriented education model, strengthen practical teaching, and carry out vocational literacy training. The article concludes with a summary of the importance and necessity of enhancing the vocational literacy of preschool education students, which can provide some reference and reference for relevant education and teaching workers.