Multifilament Nb3Sn Superconducting Wire

Kaufmann, A.R.; Pickett, Jerome J.

doi:10.1063/1.1659651

Cited by 50 publications

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“…In NMR, AC losses are less of an issue but a very high H C 2 is needed to retain sufficient current carrying capacity at very high magnetic fields. cess [1], the Internal-Tin (IT) process [2], and the PIT process. The Bronze process utilizes Nb or Nb-alloy rods that are embedded in a high Sn bronze matrix, which is surrounded by a diffusion barrier and a pure Cu stabilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art powder-in-tube niobium–tin superconductors

et al. 2008

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Powder-in-Tube (PIT) processed Niobium-Tin wires are commercially manufactured for nearly three decades and have demonstrated a combination of very high current density (presently up to 2500 Amm -2 non-Cu at 12 T and 4.2 K) with fine (35 /im), well separated filaments. We review the developments that have led to the present state of the art PIT Niobium-Tin wires, discuss the wire manufacturing and A15 formation processes, and describe typical superconducting performance in relation to magnetic field and strain. We further highlight successful applications of PIT wires and conclude with an outlook on possibilities for further improvements in the performance of PIT Niobium-Tin wires.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art powder-in-tube niobium–tin superconductors

et al. 2008

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“…In the wires as received, the core contained a mixture of pure tin and the tin-rich intermetallic compound Ti 6 Sn 5 . It has been suggested [6,7] that titanium increases Nb 3 Sn formation rate by refining its grain size, whereby a higher grain boundary density accelerates tin diffusion through Nb 3 Sn to Nb 3 Sn/Nb interface; that the finer Nb 3 Sn leads to higher J c by virtue of increased number of pinning centres; and that higher H c2 , and consequently higher J c at high field, arises due to the improved stoichiometry of Nb 3 Sn resulting from the higher diffusion rate of tin in Nb 3 Sn grain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nb 3 Sn superconductors are gaining market share in high magnetic field applications such as superconducting magnets for NMR, particle accelerators and plasma confinement in fusion applications. High critical current density and high upper critical field are essential for these applications and, to maximise these properties, good microstructure and stoichiometry controls are necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soft starting metals allow extrusion, swaging and drawing to the final diameter without the need for multiple anneals as would be required in the bronze process. After final deformation the wires undergo a multi-stage heat treatment, in which tin diffuses through copper, forming some of the Cu-Sn phases, and finally forming the superconducting A15-phase Nb 3 Sn by reactive diffusion into the niobium filaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High critical current density and high upper critical field are essential for these applications and, to maximise these properties, good microstructure and stoichiometry controls are necessary. Currently there are three major ways of manufacturing wires: the internal tin [1], powder-in-tube (PIT) [2] and bronze processes [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure development in Nb3Sn(Ti) internal tin superconducting wire

Pong

Hopkins

et al. 2008

J Mater Sci

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The authors have studied the phase formation sequences in a Nb 3 Sn 'internal tin' process superconductor. Heat treatments were performed to convert the starting materials of tin, Ti-Sn, copper and niobium, to bronze and Nb 3 Sn. Specimens were quenched at different points of the heat treatment, followed by metallography to identify the phases present and X-ray microtomography (XMT) to investigate the void volume and distribution. An unexpected observation of the microstructure development was the uphill diffusion of tin during the Cu-Sn reactive diffusion. Some defects likely to affect the superconducting performance of the wires were observed. Microscopy revealed the presence of a Ti-Sn intermetallic compound displacing the niobium filaments, and XMT revealed the formation of long pores in the longitudinal direction. Two types of pore formation mechanism, in addition to Kirkendall pores, are proposed. The phase and microstructure development suggests that low-temperature heat treatment (below 415°C) will have significant influence on optimising the final superconducting properties.

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Alloys

Giessen

Hidalgo

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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This article treats the current state of fundamental understanding, development, and applications of alloys, with emphasis on alloy chemistry rather than physical metallurgy. First, alloy phases and phase diagrams are treated from a computational viewpoint. Next, technical alloys, including steels, aluminum alloys, superalloys, and titanium alloys, are reviewed; structural intermetallics are treated as a paradigm for theoretical predictive methods. A review of important specialty alloys follows, including hard and soft magnetic alloys, superconductors, shape memory, and magnetostrictive alloys, hydrogen storage alloys, solders, and alloy coatings. A brief survey of current advanced alloy preparation and characterization methods concludes the article.

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Multifilament Nb3Sn Superconducting Wire

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

State of the art powder-in-tube niobium–tin superconductors

State of the art powder-in-tube niobium–tin superconductors

Microstructure development in Nb3Sn(Ti) internal tin superconducting wire

Alloys

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