Multifunctional Antibacterial Nanoplatform Bi₂WO₆:Nd³⁺/Yb³⁺/Er³⁺@MoS₂ with Self-Monitoring Photothermal and Photodynamic Treatment

Abstract

Synergistic therapy combining photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy is considered to be a promising approach to treat cancer, but the precise temperature control of deep tissue remains a great challenge in achieving effective treatment. Herein, a two-dimensional Bi2WO6:Nd3+/Yb3+/Er3+@MoS2 nanoplatform with photothermal and photodynamic functions was constructed, where semiconductor MoS2 serves as both a photothermal agent and a photosensitizer. The photothermal conversion performance and the reactive oxygen species generation capacity of the nanoplatform were validated under the irradiation of 808 nm laser; meanwhile, the two sets of luminescence intensity ratios (I Yb3+/I Nd3+ and I Er3+/I Nd3+) in the biological window region were selected as near-infrared temperature probes to monitor the heat generated during the photosynergistic process in real time. The feasibility of nanoplatform as an intratissue temperature probe and antibacterial agent was further assessed by vitro experiments, which provides an idea for designing multifunctional photosynergistic therapy nanoplatform.

Multifunctional Optical Sensing with Lanthanide-Doped Upconverting Nanomaterials: Improving Detection Performance of Temperature and Pressure in the Visible and NIR Ranges

“…However, the maximum Sr obtained from NTCLs of the Er 3+ /Tm 3+ ion is less than that obtained from TCLs in NSYM: Er 3+ /Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ . These bands are significant because they are situated in the first biological window spectral area, which is ideal for biological systems’ need for temperature sensing. − …”

Defect band enhanced Ca9Y(VO4)7: Yb3+/Er3+/Sr2+ phosphor upconversion luminescence for multimode optical temperature measurement

“…In order to further check the performance of the temperature sensor, the temperature resolution (δ T ) is calculated. Through the following formula: 63,64 …”

“…In addition, the experiment was repeated for ten cycles under the same measurement conditions and quantified by the following formula. 63,64 where LIR m and LIR a represent the mean value of the intensity ratio at each temperature and the actual measurement results, respectively. In Table 3, the repeatability ( R ) of the three temperature measurement modes is greater than 95% at all temperatures, so it can be concluded that the temperature sensor has high repeatability.…”

Dissociation Time, Quantum Yield, and Dynamic Reaction Pathways in the Thermolysis of trans-3,4-Dimethyl-1,2-dioxetane

“…Chemiluminescence represents the emanation of light in a chemical reaction in which a molecule is thermally activated and experiences a nonadiabatic transition to an electronic excited state of the fragmentation product. − The process is called bioluminescence when it occurs in living organisms, e.g., fireflies. Chemiluminescence or bioluminescence has wide-ranging applications, such as treating cancers via photodynamic therapy, − acting as a bioluminescence imaging tool, , and tracking environmental pollutants . The thermolysis of the four-membered heterocyclic peroxides, e.g., 1,2-dioxetane, generates electronically excited state carbonyl compounds that emit light to release the excess energy (see Figure ).…”