Multifunctional composites: a metamaterial perspective

Lincoln, Reece L; Scarpa, Fabrizio; Ting, Valeska P.; Trask, Richard S.

doi:10.1088/2399-7532/ab5242

Cited by 81 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Their constantly growing demand in industrial applications led the scientific community to the development of advanced composite configurations [2]. These advanced composites can satisfy all the essential requirements for use in aeronautics and simultaneously possess multiple functionalities (multi-functional composites) [3,4]. The prerequisites for advanced composites, apart from high specific properties, are typically high fracture toughness and good fatigue performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing

et al. 2022

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In this study, the mechanical properties of purposefully synthesized vitrimer repairable epoxy composites were investigated and compared to conventional, commercial systems. The purpose was to assess the knockdown effect, or the relative property deterioration, from the use of the vitrimer in several testing configurations. Mechanical tests were performed using ILSS, low-velocity impact, and compression after impact configurations. At modeled structure level, the lap strap geometry that can simulate the stiffening of a composite panel was tested. Several non-destructive evaluation techniques were utilized simultaneously with the mechanical testing in order to evaluate (i) the production quality, (ii) the damage during or after mechanical testing, and (iii) the repair efficiency. Results indicated that the new repairable composites had the same mechanical properties as the conventional aerospace-grade RTM6 composites. The electrical resistance change method proved to be a valuable technique for monitoring deformations before the initiation of the debonding and the progress of the damage with consistency and high sensitivity in real time. In terms of repair efficiency, the values ranged from 70% to 100%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing

et al. 2022

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“…Parts made with continuous fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have excellent mechanical properties, including high specific stiffness and strength [5], and receive extensive attention from the industries of civil engineering and many other fields [6][7][8]. Recent studies have shown that CFRP composites have great potential for developing components with versatile [9,10] properties. However, the current CFRP processing technology still faces many challenges, among which the biggest challenge [11] is how to efficiently combine CFRP materials with matrix resin at low cost so that it has good consolidation and fiber orientation [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Simulation Model of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Composites Printing Track

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The rapid development of additive manufacturing technology (AM) is revolutionizing the traditional continuous fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) manufacturing process. The combination of FDM technology and CFRP technology gave birth to continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPC) 3D printing technology. Parts with complex structure and excellent performance can be fabricated by this technology. However, the current research on CFRTPC printing mainly focuses on printing equipment, materials, and the improvement of mechanical properties. In this paper, the CFRTPC 3D printing track errors are investigated during the printing process, and it is found that the polytetrafluoroetylene (PTFE) tube in the nozzle of the printer head is often blocked. Through detailed analysis, a line-following mathematical model reflecting the deviations of the CFRTPC printing track is established. According to the characteristics of the fiber and its track during actual laying, a modified line-following model, without the minimum curvature point, is further proposed. Based on this model, the actual printing track for the theoretical path is simulated, the process tests are carried out on the printing track at different corner angles, and the relevant rules between the parameters of the model and different corner angles are obtained. The mathematical model is verified by experiments, and the clogging problem of the printer head caused by the fiber track error is solved, which provides theoretical support for the rational design of the fiber track in CFRTPC printing.

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“…Most of the proposed acoustic metamaterials [1,2] are based on solid resonating structures such as Helmholtz resonators, [3,4] helical labyrinthine structures [5,6] and multi-slits [7,8] which are passive, and cannot be reconfigured dynamically. [9,10] Although a few active reconfigurable acoustic metamaterials [11] with different solid materials based actuation and control mechanisms have been proposed, like piezoelectric elements, [12][13][14] multifunctional composites [15,16] and electric control in solid the way to integrate and develop micro-electrode patterns with deep sub-wavelength acoustic structures, for achieving a miniaturized and tunable metamaterial. The building block of the proposed MAM consists of an open slit on an EWOD device, as shown in Figure 1A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microfluidic Acoustic Metamaterial using Electrowetting: Enabling Active Broadband Tunability

Bansal

Subramanian

2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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membrane-type metamaterials, [17] recent work has shown that integrating liquids with the solid structures can dramatically assist reconfigurability. Recently a passively reconfigurable Helmholtz resonator was illustrated, where different volumes of water were filled to tune its free cavity space. [18] However, for actively tuning the liquid embedded metamaterial designs, we need active microfluidic techniques for on-chip control of liquid mobility. A number of active microfluidic control mechanisms [19] exist in literature like photo-electrowetting, electrophoresis, and surface acoustic waves. These can be used to move microscale droplets in a controlled manner, and have been explored for various applications like lab-on-a-chip, [20] printing, [21] opto-fluidic lensing, [22] and acousto-fluidics. [23] However, the field of acousto-fluidics [24] has to-date focused only upon manipulating liquid droplets using applied acoustic fields [25,26] and not vice versa. Furthermore, there are fabrication challenges in making ultra-compact tunable metamaterial designs, because of the large dimensions, low throughput, bulk geometries, and huge material costs required for incorporating active control mechanisms. Here, we propose and develop a novel ultra-compact metastructure, which we refer as a metamaterial, with an active actuation mechanism utilizing microfluidics, that will be practically significant and promote a new approach toward microfluidic acoustic metamaterials (MAMs).In this paper, we design, fabricate, and demonstrate a droplet integrated metamaterial, which derives its tunability from a digital microfluidics based active droplet manipulation technique called electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD). [27][28][29] We achieve dynamic control of a deep sub-wavelength slit (dimensions, length = 0.5 λ (L), width = 0.06 λ, and height = 0.02 λ) for manipulating ultrasound (40 kHz) by using microelectromechanical (MEMS) technology. Ultrathin deep subwavelength metamaterial for example, around λ/650 at the frequency of 20.9 kHz (λ denotes the wavelength of sound), where arbitrary patterns were paper-cut by hollow-out patterning on metasurfaces, seldom exist in literature. [30] Most of the reported works like ultrasonic meta-lens [31] which range within µm to mm scale are "passive," but here we propose a novel actively tunable deep subwavelength ultrathin metamaterial (200 µm in thickness, up to λ/44), establishing a record in comparison with previous works to our best knowledge. MEMS based MAM design paves While acoustic metamaterials provide extraordinary control to manipulate sound waves, their physical realization and applicability are severely impeded by the limited tunability, narrow operational frequency range, and noncompact designs. Integrating liquids with active actuation mechanism in the metamaterials provides broader material and design scope. Active microfluidic techniques for liquid actuation, never used in metamaterials before, will enable active tunability for liquid-embedded metamaterial designs, leading tow...

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Multifunctional composites: a metamaterial perspective

Cited by 81 publications

References 58 publications

3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing

3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing

Research on the Simulation Model of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Composites Printing Track

A Microfluidic Acoustic Metamaterial using Electrowetting: Enabling Active Broadband Tunability

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