Multifunctional Conductive Elastomers Based on Tannic Acid and Polymerizable 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride/Acrylic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent

Abstract

It is attractive, though challenging, to integrate multiple functions into one conductive elastomer, which can be used in a wide variety of complex scenarios. Here, a series of multifunctional conductive elastomers were fabricated by incorporating various amounts of tannic acid (TA) into the polymerization of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/acrylic acid-type deep eutectic solvent. The obtained conductive elastomers exhibit a combination of desirable properties, including high transparency (an average transmittance of 94.3%), ultrahigh stretchability (1250%), reliable self-healing ability (87.5% healing efficiency for 24 h), favorable conductivity (1.3 × 10 −2 mS•cm −1 ), and excellent temperature tolerance (−20 to 120 °C). Simultaneously, the conductive elastomers showed excellent adhesion to various substrates. Those fabricated conductive elastomer-based sensors could sensitively detect and distinguish various motions with good stability and repeatability from −20 to 120 °C. In addition, we have demonstrated the practical suitability of the fabricated elastomers in constructing flexible electroluminescent devices. The conductive elastomers are believed to show great promise in next-generation wearable electronic devices.

Dry ionic conductive elastomers based on polymeric deep eutectic solvents for bioelectronics

“…Other innovative recently proposed PDES formulations rely on the mixture of neutral monomers and ionic liquid salts, although technically, the resulting elastomers deserve the label of ionogels and will not be discussed in detail here. For instance, Ji et al prepared PDES by mixing AA ( T g ranging from −40 to −22 °C) 99 or AAm ( T g = −64 °C) 100 with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid with a melting point of 70 °C.…”

Transparent, Stretchable, Underwater Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive, and Recyclable Eutectogels Enabled by Poly(Ionic Liquid)/Eutectic Networks

“…To circumvent the potential leakage problems, polymerizable IL monomers have been used to develop ionogels with stable properties. − However, their strong electrostatic interaction leads to the prepared polymer networks with high mechanical strength, low deformability, and poor ionic conductivity. In order to modulate the poly­(IL) networks, we note that deep eutectic solvents (DESs) consisting of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors have a wide range of performance tunability. − DES is a mixture of two or more pure compounds for which the eutectic point temperature is below that of an ideal liquid mixture, presenting significant negative deviations from ideality. − As an emerging solvent, DESs have attracted much attention in the preparation of functional materials in recent years. − DESs and ILs share similar physical and chemical properties, such as low vapor pressure, chemical stability, nonflammability, and potential as green solvents . Therefore, researchers have now developed a variety of functional eutectogels based on DES systems, but most of them are based on hydrophilic systems. − Considering the disadvantages of the water sensitivity of conventional hydrophilic eutectogels, researchers have developed hydrophobic eutectogels.…”