Multifunctional CuO/Cu₂O Truncated Nanocubes as Trimodal Image-Guided Near-Infrared-III Photothermal Agents to Combat Multi-Drug-Resistant Lung Carcinoma

Abstract

Despite the development of various therapeutic modalities to tackle cancer, multidrug resistance (MDR) and incomplete destruction of deep tissue-buried tumors remain as long-standing challenges responsible for tumor recurrence and low survival rates. In addition to the MDR and deep tissue photoactivation problems, most primary tumors metastasize to the lungs and lymph nodes to form secondary tumors. Therefore, it leaves a great challenge to develop theranostic approaches to combat both MDR and deep tissue photoactivation problems. Herein, we develop a versatile plasmonic CuO/Cu2O truncated nanocube-based theranostic nanomedicine to act as a triple modal near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging agent in the biological window II (1000–1500 nm)/photoacoustic imaging (PAI)/T 1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging agents, sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) to exert nanomaterial-mediated photodynamic therapeutic (NIR-II NmPDT), and absorb long NIR light (i.e., 1550 nm) in the biological window III (1500–1700 nm) to exert nanomaterial-mediated photothermal therapeutic (NIR-III NmPTT) effects for the effective destruction of multi-drug-resistant lung tumors. We found that H69AR lung cancer cells do not create drug resistance toward plasmonic CuO/Cu2O TNCs-based nanomedicines.

The Role of NMP22 and CSTB Levels in Predicting Postoperative Recurrence of Bladder Cancer

“…The taller level of NMP22 in sufferers with bladder carcinoma before surgery may indicate that the taller the conveying of FasL gene, the more prone to immune escape. This result is consistent with the study of Shanmugam et al [ 16 ], but the specific mechanism remains to be further studied. In addition, studies have shown that the occurrence of harmful cells may be hardly interrelated to the degradation of eukaryotic albumoses, and one of the most important pathways for cellular degradation is the lysosomal pathway.…”

NIR-I Dye-Based Probe: A New Window for Bimodal Tumor Theranostics

“…These technologies will enable the design of theranostic probes for practical biomedical applications, thus further increasing the demands of more advanced fluorescent dyes. Meanwhile, inspired by the successful applications of FI-based bimodal probes, more efforts have been devoted to the construction of FI-related tri-or-more modality imaging probes to achieve more comprehensive diagnostic information ( Carrouée et al, 2015 ; Persico et al, 2020 ; Shanmugam et al, 2021 ). By the rational design of a multimodality imaging platform and structural optimization of NIR-I fluorophores, we hope that fluorescence-based multimodal probes will gain more momentum to play an increasingly important role in cancer theranostics in the near future.…”

Emerging Nanotheranostics for 5-Fluorouracil in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review on Efficacy, Safety, and Diagnostic Capability

“…Recently, a variety of on-demand near-infrared (NIR)-activated plasmonic NTA composed of metal nanomaterials (gold, platinum, palladium, copper, manganese, silver) had shown promising anticancer activity attributed to their photothermal and photodynamic properties. The metal nanoparticles efficiently convert light energy into highly localized heat energy (photothermal therapy) via a phenomenon known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) to destroy cancer cells and minimize collateral damage to adjacent normal tissues ( He et al, 2021a ; Cai et al, 2021 ; Shan et al, 2021 ; Shanmugam et al, 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2022 ). Plasmonic gold NTA-mediated photothermal therapy has also been tested in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy to achieve synergistic tumor inhibition in the 4T1 tumor model ( Zhang et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Plasmonic gold NTA-mediated photothermal therapy has also been tested in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy to achieve synergistic tumor inhibition in the 4T1 tumor model ( Zhang et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021 ). On the other hand, plasmonic NTA also possesses the ability to utilize light energy to generate reactive oxygen species (photodynamic therapy) for the destruction of tumors ( He et al, 2021b ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Shanmugam et al, 2021 ). In addition, plasmonic NTA enables real-time visualization of the tumor and precise tracking of NTA in the tumors via photoacoustic imaging to facilitate image-guided treatment ( He et al, 2021a ; Shan et al, 2021 ; Shanmugam et al, 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2022 ).…”

“…On the other hand, plasmonic NTA also possesses the ability to utilize light energy to generate reactive oxygen species (photodynamic therapy) for the destruction of tumors ( He et al, 2021b ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Shanmugam et al, 2021 ). In addition, plasmonic NTA enables real-time visualization of the tumor and precise tracking of NTA in the tumors via photoacoustic imaging to facilitate image-guided treatment ( He et al, 2021a ; Shan et al, 2021 ; Shanmugam et al, 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2022 ). These temporal and spatial information will provide guidance for physicians to optimize and tailor the treatment regimen for each patient to achieve personalized medicine.…”