Multifunctional Energy Storage Composites for SHM Distributed Sensor Networks

Ladpli, Purim; Nardari, Raphael; Wang, Yinan; Hernandez-Gallegos, Pedro; Rewari, Raunaq; Kuo, Harlan; Kopsaftopoulos, Fotis; Kepler, Keith D.; Lopez, Herman A.; Chang, Fu‐Kuo

doi:10.12783/shm2015/276

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Here, the information about the state-of-health can be used to make decisions about appropriate actions. Along with smart sensor network integration, the integration of in situ power sources in the composites has been discussed in some contributions [9][10][11]. Even the loading profiles (wind speed and wind direction) are variable, so power provided to the grid has to fulfill dynamic requirements [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To enhance the flexibility of the entire grid, integrated in situ power sources can be used to compensate lower energy production during low wind speed periods while recharging energy sources during periods of greater availability of wind. Embedding lithium-ion batteries into Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) was proposed by Ladpli et al [9], whereas the integration of supercapacitors in CFRP was proposed by Shirshova et al [10]. Additional power sources utilizable for these purposes were reviewed and given in [11,13], each of them relating to different energy capacities and densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduction of Structural Loads in Wind Turbines Based on an Adapted Control Strategy Concerning Online Fatigue Damage Evaluation Models

2018

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In recent years, the rapidly-increasing demand for energy generation from renewable resources has been noticeable. Additional requirements are consequently set on Wind Turbine (WT) systems, primarily reflected in WT size and power rating increases. With the size increase of WT, structural loads/fatigue stress on the wind turbine become larger, simultaneously leading to its accelerated aging and the shortening of its lifetime. The primary goal of this contribution is to establish an approach for structural load reduction while retaining or slightly sacrificing the power production requirements. The approach/control strategy includes knowledge about current fatigue damage and/or damage increments and consists of multi-input multi-output controllers with variable control parameters. By the appropriate selection of the designed Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) controllers, the mitigation of structural loads in accordance with a predefined range of accumulated fatigue damage or damage increments, exactly to the extent required to provide a predefined service lifetime, is obtained. The validation of the aforementioned control strategy is based on the simulation results and the WT model developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The obtained results prove the efficiency of the proposed control strategy with respect to the reduction of rotor blade bending moments, simultaneously exhibiting no significant impact on the resulting power generation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Structural Loads in Wind Turbines Based on an Adapted Control Strategy Concerning Online Fatigue Damage Evaluation Models

2018

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“…2K and SI Appendix, Figs. S10-S13) (40). Second, the micropillars surrounding the indentation crater provide increased elastic recovery.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of mechanical benefits, the micropillars increase the stiffness, strength, and mechanical robustness of the structure by preventing the formation of shear bands, improving the delamination performance, and localizing the damage. Bioinspired strategies gleaned from the beetles' cuticle architecture to enhance mechanical robustness by reinforcing a laminated composite in the z-direction may thus prove useful in the design of composite materials including laminated glass, capacitors, and electrodes (40,47,48). The synergistic effect of the improved reflectivity at larger polar angles and the observed damage-localization capability of the pillar-multilayer structure contribute to the remarkable optical-damage tolerance observed in the beetle's cuticle.…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural design for mechanical–optical multifunctionality in the exoskeleton of the flower beetle Torynorrhina flammea

Jia

Fernandes

Deng

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Biological systems have a remarkable capability of synthesizing multifunctional materials that are adapted for specific physiological and ecological needs. When exploring structure–function relationships related to multifunctionality in nature, it can be a challenging task to address performance synergies, trade-offs, and the relative importance of different functions in biological materials, which, in turn, can hinder our ability to successfully develop their synthetic bioinspired counterparts. Here, we investigate such relationships between the mechanical and optical properties in a multifunctional biological material found in the highly protective yet conspicuously colored exoskeleton of the flower beetle, Torynorrhina flammea. Combining experimental, computational, and theoretical approaches, we demonstrate that a micropillar-reinforced photonic multilayer in the beetle’s exoskeleton simultaneously enhances mechanical robustness and optical appearance, giving rise to optical damage tolerance. Compared with plain multilayer structures, stiffer vertical micropillars increase stiffness and elastic recovery, restrain the formation of shear bands, and enhance delamination resistance. The micropillars also scatter the reflected light at larger polar angles, enhancing the first optical diffraction order, which makes the reflected color visible from a wider range of viewing angles. The synergistic effect of the improved angular reflectivity and damage localization capability contributes to the optical damage tolerance. Our systematic structural analysis of T. flammea’s different color polymorphs and parametric optical and mechanical modeling further suggest that the beetle’s microarchitecture is optimized toward maximizing the first-order optical diffraction rather than its mechanical stiffness. These findings shed light on material-level design strategies utilized in biological systems for achieving multifunctionality and could thus inform bioinspired material innovations.

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“…The experimental setup and preliminary results, which the numerical validation and statistical analysis are based on, have been discussed in our previous companion work, but for the sake of completeness they will be repeated herein [9,10]. In brief, pitchcatch guided wave propagation experiments are performed on 3,650mAh off-the-shelf Li-ion pouch batteries, as well as on 4,000mAh MES Composite cells, which are a new type of structurally reinforced Li-ion battery recently developed by the authors [10][11][12][13]. Guided wave signals are gathered at various battery SoCs from four surface-mounted piezoelectric disc transducers (6.35mm-diameter PZT-5A in the SMART Layer format (Acellent Technologies, Inc.) at the locations shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Preliminary Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery State of Charge Estimation using Guided Waves— Numerical Validation and Statistical Analysis

Ladpli¹,

Kopsaftopoulos²,

Chang³

2017

Structural Health Monitoring 2017

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This work presents a novel scalable and field deployable framework for estimating battery state of charge (SoC) based on pitch-catch guided wave propagation using lowprofile built-in piezoelectric transducers. A preliminary study is performed through experiments using piezoelectric disc transducers mounted on commercial lithium-ion (Li-ion) pouch batteries. Similar experiments are carried out on Multifunctional Energy Storage (MES) Composites, which are an energy-storing structural material recently developed by the authors. In this work, special emphasis is given to the numerical validation of the variation in guided wave time of flight (ToF) due to the SoC-induced changes in electrode mechanical properties. The experimental results are accurately captured in the numerical simulation, which provides significant insight on the complex coupling between electrochemistry and mechanics. Moreover, a first-pass statistical analysis is conducted which demonstrates the efficacy of using guided wave data to obtain accurate prediction of battery SoC. The study also reveals a promising opportunity for exploiting the feature-rich multi-path nature of guided wave propagation to further improve SoC prediction accuracy.

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Multifunctional Energy Storage Composites for SHM Distributed Sensor Networks

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Reduction of Structural Loads in Wind Turbines Based on an Adapted Control Strategy Concerning Online Fatigue Damage Evaluation Models

Reduction of Structural Loads in Wind Turbines Based on an Adapted Control Strategy Concerning Online Fatigue Damage Evaluation Models

Microstructural design for mechanical–optical multifunctionality in the exoskeleton of the flower beetle Torynorrhina flammea

Battery State of Charge Estimation using Guided Waves— Numerical Validation and Statistical Analysis

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