Multifunctional Metasurfaces Enabled by Multifold Geometric Phase Interference

Abstract

Geometric phase is frequently used in artificially designed metasurfaces; it is typically used only once in reported works, leading to conjugate responses of two spins. Supercells containing multiple nanoantennas can break this limitation by introducing more degrees of freedom to generate new modulation capabilities. Here, we provide a method for constructing supercells for geometric phases using triple rotations, each of which achieves a specific modulation function. The physical meaning of each rotation is revealed by stepwise superposition. Based on this idea, spin-selective holography, nanoprinting, and their hybrid displays are demonstrated. As a typical application, we have designed a metalens that enables spin-selective transmission, allowing for high-quality imaging with only one spin state, which can serve as a plug-and-play chiral detection device. Finally, we analyzed how the size of supercells and the phase distribution inside it can affect the higher order diffraction, which may help in designing supercells for different scenarios.

Diffraction-limited high-efficiency extreme ultraviolet metalens at 13.5 nm wavelength based on nanohole array in molybdenum membrane

“…This leads to unavoidable interference between adjacent structural units, and the material absorption associated with the extremely short wavelengths notably increases, failing to meet the requirements for efficient transmission and phase design. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Here, we propose utilizing vacuum nanoholes as transmission pathways; optical fields remain confined within high-refractive-index vacuum channels due to the low refractive index of the medium in the EUV range. This enables the localization and low-loss transmission of short-wavelength EUV light.…”

Refractive index sensing based on bound states in the continuum in all-dielectric metasurface

“…Metasurface, a subwavelength-scale periodic material, can manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves to achieve a rich optical response. They offer wide applications in various areas, such as metalens, holography, optical sensing, and so on [1][2][3][4]. Compared to metal metasurfaces, all-dielectric metasurfaces have lower intrinsic material damping, and their ability to sustain resonance with a narrower FWHM (full width at half maximum) and enhance quality factors has attracted increasing interest in the sensing field [5][6][7].…”

High-Resolution Metalens Imaging Polarimetry

“…Metasurfaces provide an unprecedented approach to manipulating light, offering an excellent opportunity for processing and detecting light polarizations in a compact manner. − In addition to their exceptional ability to manipulate light polarization, metasurfaces have also been engineered to diffract incident light into specific preconfigured directions, and the contrast intensities associated with the diffraction orders directly measure the incident polarization. − These metasurface polarimeters are intentionally designed to detect incident beams with uniform polarization distributions in principle and cannot measure complex vector fields with spatially varying polarization states. In contrast, polarimetric imaging makes it possible to measure the polarization distributions of an optical beam over an extended scene, which has inspired a wide range of applications from remote sensing and astronomy to biological detection.…”