Multifunctional Polymer Particles Containing Quaternary Ammonium for Antimicrobial Particulate Surfactants and Defoaming

Abstract

The preparation of multifunctional polymer particles containing quaternary ammonium molecules by emulsion iodine transfer polymerization (emulsion ITP) via polymerization-induced self-assembly was proposed for the first time. Poly(2methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate 12 alkyl chain length)-iodide (P(MTMA-QAC 12 ) 12 -I) was first synthesized by solution iodine transfer polymerization. It was simultaneously used as a macro-chain transfer agent and emulsifier in emulsion ITP. All conditions smoothly proceeded without coagulation, where the polymerization reached high conversion within only 4 h. When the methyl methacrylate-styrene (P(MMA-S)) copolymer was synthesized in the second block as P(MTMA-QAC 12 ) 12 -b-P(MMA-S) 462 , the water contact angle of the obtained particles was close to 90°, which was the most appropriate to use as the particulate surfactant. The P(MTMA-QAC 12 )12-b-P(MMA-S) 462 particles represented a good antimicrobial property based on the positive charge quaternary ammonium groups existing on surfaces. Using such P(MTMA-QAC 12 ) 12 -b-P(MMA-S) 462 nanoparticles (∼90 nm) at 1 wt %, the obtained cutting oil emulsion model represented high colloidal stability with approximately 50 μm oil droplet size without any coalescence. Moreover, foam formation was significantly reduced compared to the commercial cutting oil. According to their excellent properties, P(MTMA-QAC 12 ) 12 -b-P(MMA-S) 462 nanoparticles would be effectively used as a particulate surfactant in Pickering emulsion, including defoamers and antimicrobial agents.

Stimuli‐Responsive Pickering Emulsions Regulated via Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly Nanoparticles

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 99 ] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. B) The W/O/W Pickering double emulsion.…”

“…Kanmlangmak et al reported a Pickering emulsion system stabilized by polymer nanoparticles with antimicrobial and defoaming properties. [99] The functional particulate emulsifier containing quaternary ammonium (QA) is prepared based on emulsion iodine transfer polymerization (emulsion ITP). With a water contact angle of ≈90°, the oil droplets were stabilized without coalescence over a year.…”

“…Application of Pickering emulsions.A) The antimicrobial and defoamed emulsion system stabilized by particulate emulsifier containing quaternary ammonium. Reproduced with permission [99]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.…”

Fabrication of hollow‐carved microspheres with excellent antibacterial activity

“…5,6 Among them, the compounds of QASs are the most widely used because of immediate efficacy as the positively charged QASs groups are easy to adsorb into the surface of the negatively charged bacterial cells, destroy the cell plasma membrane, and make the cell membrane unable to withstand osmotic pressure and exudates. 7,8 Copolymers containing QASs have attracted a great deal of attention due to its long-acting antibacterial, 9 low toxicity 10 and an ability to self-assemble into a variety of precisely controlled periodic nanostructures. 11,12 Researchers have developed some methods for preparing polymer particles, such as emulsion polymerization, seed swelling polymerization, block copolymer self-assembly, self-assembly solvent evaporation method, 13,14 and interfacial polymerization.…”

Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate]nanogel by dispersion polymerization for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria

“… 14,21 However, only one study by Kamlangmak et al introduced a successful investigation of copolymer nanoparticles containing DMAEMA by emulsion iodine transfer polymerization via polymerization-induced self-assembly for inhibition of growth of E. Coli and S. aureus combining the effect of positively charged particles and the presence of an alkyl chain. 22 …”