Multifunctional Regulation of SnO₂ Nanocrystals by Snail Mucus for Preparation of Rigid or Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells in Air

Self-assembled manganese acetate@tin dioxide colloidal quantum dots as an electron-transport layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

“…33 On the contrary, the stabilized Mac-SnO 2 solution exhibited a large zeta potential (−40.5 mV), and was little changed after aging, suggesting that the addition of Mn(Ac) 2 stabilized the SnO 2 QDs by terminating the surface defects, thereby inhibiting QDs agglomeration. 34 Furthermore, the more evenly dispersed Mac-SnO 2 particles benefit the formation of a denser and more uniform film. Top-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were carried out to illustrate the ETLs surface morphology.…”

Chelating Dual Interface for Efficient and Stable Crystal Growth and Iodine Defect Management in Sn–Pb Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with narrower band gaps hold great commercial potential in both single-junction and tandem devices as they can harness a broader range of solar spectrum. − Over the past ten years, Sn–Pb PSCs have made important progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE), skyrocketing from 4.18 to 23.8% . However, compared to pure lead PSCs, Sn–Pb PSCs still lag in efficiency and stability. − Two main factors cause this lag: first, compared to Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ in Sn–Pb PVK possesses a lower chemical potential, , making it prone to be oxidized into Sn 4+ . This oxidation process generates a large number of tin vacancies in the films, resulting in self P-doping , and significantly shortened carrier lifetime .…”

In Situ Growth of Nickel Oxide Hole-Transport Layer through the Nickel Oleate Route for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted (p–i–n) structure exhibit some advantages compared to those with a regular (n–i–p) structure, including a higher recorded photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 26.14%, higher filling factor (FF), and smaller hysteresis efficacy. − In the p–i–n structure, the hole-transport layer (HTL) plays essential roles in separating electrons and holes and in preventing direct contact between the perovskite active layer and the electrode, which may result in Schottky contact . At present, organic HTL materials have been successfully developed in p–i–n-type PSCs, including triphenylamine polymer (PTAA) and poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). − Nevertheless, increased acidity and hygroscopicity of these organic HTL materials lead to unsatisfactory long-term stability of PSCs. − Therefore, various inorganic alternatives, such as copper iodide (CuI), nickel oxide (NiO), molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ), and copper sulfide (CuS), have been designed in p–i–n-type PSCs to offset the shortcomings of organic HTL materials. − Especially, NiO films exhibit the merits of high stability, excellent optical transmittance (∼90%), low cost, matched valence band with perovskite (5.0–5.4 vs ∼5.4 eV), and appropriate work function (4.5–5.6 eV). − For instance, Zhu et al.…”