Multifunctional role of natural products for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: At a glance

Abstract

Natural substances originating from plants have long been used to treat neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a ND. The deterioration and subsequent cognitive impairments of the midbrain nigral dopaminergic neurons distinguish by this characteristic. Various pathogenic mechanisms and critical components have been reported, despite the fact that the origin is unknown, such as protein aggregation, iron buildup, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Anti-Parkinson drugs like dopamine (DA) agonists, levodopa, carbidopa, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors and anticholinergics are used to replace DA in the current treatment model. Surgery is advised in cases where drug therapy is ineffective. Unfortunately, the current conventional treatments for PD have a number of harmful side effects and are expensive. As a result, new therapeutic strategies that control the mechanisms that contribute to neuronal death and dysfunction must be addressed. Natural resources have long been a useful source of possible treatments. PD can be treated with a variety of natural therapies made from medicinal herbs, fruits, and vegetables. In addition to their well-known anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities, these natural products also play inhibitory roles in iron buildup, protein misfolding, the maintenance of proteasomal breakdown, mitochondrial homeostasis, and other neuroprotective processes. The goal of this research is to systematically characterize the currently available medications for Parkinson’s and their therapeutic effects, which target diverse pathways. Overall, this analysis looks at the kinds of natural things that could be used in the future to treat PD in new ways or as supplements to existing treatments. We looked at the medicinal plants that can be used to treat PD. The use of natural remedies, especially those derived from plants, to treat PD has been on the rise. This article examines the fundamental characteristics of medicinal plants and the bioactive substances found in them that may be utilized to treat PD.

Disruption of Dopamine Homeostasis Associated with Alteration of Proteins in Synaptic Vesicles: A Putative Central Mechanism of Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis

“…Current major treatments for PD include antioxidants, mitochondrial therapy, targeted nucleoprotein therapy, and inhibition of neuroinflammation. Carbidopa and dopamine agonists are often used in place of DA but can cause many side effects, such as dyskinesias [ 243 - 246 ]. Moreover, current treatments are primarily aimed at treating symptoms rather than underlying neuro-degeneration [ 247 ].…”

“…Natural resources are speculated as possible sources of new drugs to overcome the adverse reactions triggered by traditional medicine [ 246 ]. Some herbal extracts have been found to take an effect of suppressing the development of PD [ 246 , 249 ].…”

“…Natural resources are speculated as possible sources of new drugs to overcome the adverse reactions triggered by traditional medicine [ 246 ]. Some herbal extracts have been found to take an effect of suppressing the development of PD [ 246 , 249 ]. For example, a recent study demonstrated that eupalinolide B passively targeted Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 and led to degradation of Keap1.…”

Interactions between curcumin and human salt-induced kinase 3 elucidated from computational tools and experimental methods

“…Natural products have many notable characteristics, such as wide efficacy and low toxicity; they have recently attracted increasing research attention as lead compounds to treat mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases, cancer, and antimicrobial-resistant infections ( Du et al, 2021 ; An et al, 2022 ; Rahman M. A. et al, 2022 ; Bernal et al, 2022 ; Rahman M. M. et al, 2022 ; He et al, 2022 ; Liao et al, 2022 ; Nurumal et al, 2022 ; Su et al, 2022 ; Xu et al, 2022 ). Especially, the effects of many natural product on mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases have been recently studied ( An et al, 2022 ; Rahman M. A. et al, 2022 ; Rahman M. M. et al, 2022 ). Particularly, curcumin (bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, CAS No.…”

In Silico Neuroprotective Effects of Specific Rheum palmatum Metabolites on Parkinson’s Disease Targets

“…Natural products have always been an abundant and diverse source of hit and lead compounds with good pharmacokinetic properties, including for treating neurological diseases [ 31 , 32 ]. Interestingly, complex mixtures of these medicines could provide curative potential to PD because of its multiple targeted approach from several potentially bioactive compounds.…”