Multifunctional sensors based on silicone hydrogel and their responses to solvents, <scp>pH</scp> and solution composition

Zhao, Zheng‐Bai; Li, Hui; Lu, Qianyun; Li, Yanli; Jiang, Yong

doi:10.1002/pi.5293

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The hydrogel photonic sensors can be classified into three types according to the dimensions of the refractive index periodicity: 1D, 2D, and 3D photonic bandgap sensors. In such sensors, the reading out can be recorded by colorimetric, and spectral shift measurements. − …”

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Glucose Sensing with Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Optical Diffusers

et al. 2018

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Phenylboronic acids have emerged as synthetic receptors that can reversibly bind to cis-diols of glucose molecules. The incorporation of phenylboronic acids in hydrogels offers exclusive attributes; for example, the binding process with glucose induces Donnan osmotic pressure resulting in volumetric changes in the matrix. However, their practical applications are hindered because of complex readout approaches and their time-consuming fabrication processes. Here, we demonstrate a microimprinting method to fabricate densely packed concavities in phenylboronic acid functionalized hydrogel films. A microengineered optical diffuser structure was imprinted on a phenylboronic acid based cis-diol recognizing motif prepositioned in a hydrogel film. The diffuser structure engineered on the hydrogel was based on laser-inscribed arrays of imperfect microlenses that focused the incoming light at different focal lengths and direction resulting in a diffused profile of light in transmission and reflection readout modes. The signature of the dimensional modulation was detected in terms of changing focal lengths of the microlenses due to the volumetric expansion of the hydrogel that altered the diffusion spectra and transmitted beam profile. The transmitted optical light spread and intensity through the sensor was measured to determine variation in glucose concentrations at physiological conditions. The sensor was integrated in a contact lens and placed over an artificial eye. Artificial stimulation of variation in glucose concentration allowed quantitative measurements using a smartphone’s photodiode. A smartphone app was utilized to convert the received light intensity to quantitative glucose concentration values. The developed sensing platform offers low cost, rapid fabrication, and easy detection scheme as compared to other optical sensing counterparts. The presented detection scheme may have applications in wearable real-time biomarker monitoring devices at point-of-care settings.

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Glucose Sensing with Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Optical Diffusers

et al. 2018

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“…Whereas the resistance could almost recover to the initial state in a while with the sensor departure from the organic solvents. [ 42–44 ] Therefore, the ionic conductive hydrogel can also be regarded as sensitive sensor to differentiate the polarity of organic solvents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly Strong and Transparent Ionic Conductive Hydrogel as Multifunctional Sensors

Dang

Liu

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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Ionic conductive hydrogels as promising materials have become focus of artificial soft tissue or soft stretchable electronic devices. Especially, the next‐generation flexible electronics greatly require achieving multifunction simultaneously. Herein, a transparent hydrogel with high mechanical properties (1.73 MPa for mechanical stress, 630% for mechanical strain) and excellent ionic conductivity is fabricated based on a fully physical cross‐linked network. The stiff long polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains as a skeleton to form a “hard” network and the short polyacrylic acid (PAA) chains regard as the “soft” network. Moreover, the biomaterial β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) as physical cross‐linkers is used in the “hard–soft” hybrid networks. The construction of “soft and hard” structure is successful to integrate the good transparency, remarkable mechanical properties, and outstanding sensitivity (strain, pressure, pH, and organic solvent) together for assembling multiple sensors, which hold a promising practical development value in the domain of soft wearable electronics and sensing materials in the future.

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“…The phase morphology and functional properties of APCNs can be tailored to the desired applications by variation of the synergistically combined polymer components, molecular weights, and their weight fraction in the final APCN, allowing a level of control beyond hydrogels with one phase . Their functional properties have made APCNs prime candidates for biomedical applications, ranging from soft contact lenses and immunoisolation membranes to controlled drug release, interfacial enzyme catalysis, and sensor applications . For APCN‐based sensors, the hydrophobic or hydrophilic phase was typically loaded with the sensing entities due to the difficulty of APCN functionalization.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pyranine‐Modified Amphiphilic Polymer Conetworks as Fluorescent Ratiometric pH Sensors

Ulrich

Osypova

Panzarasa

et al. 2019

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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ratiometric pH detection. Typically, ratiometric pH detection requires the combination of one pH-sensitive and one pH-insensitive fluorescent dye. [3] Pyranine, in contrast, allows ratiometric detection of pH from the comparison of one emission intensity at two different excitation wavelengths (406 and 460 nm). [6] This dual excitation-single emission property minimizes the impact of variations in fluorophore concentration, photobleaching, and instrumentation. The pH sensitivity of pyranine arises from its phenol group with a pK a of 7.3 that allows the determination of pH values ranging from ≈5 to ≈9, adequate for biologically or biomedically oriented applications. [7,8] Accordingly, pyranine has been employed to measure intracellular pH, [2,9,10] track protein structural transitions, [9][10][11][12] for metal ion-sensing, [13] and for the development of environmental sensors. [14][15][16] The monitoring of chronic wounds via pH-sensitive wound pads is a relevant application, in particular, due to the similar relevant pH range. [17,18] The low price of pyranine compared to other fluorescent dyes is especially attractive for commercial applications, even allowing its use in fluorescent text markers. However, due to the difficulty of covalent conjugation, with few exceptions, [19][20][21][22] most pyranine sensors are based on non-covalent integration. [15,[23][24][25][26] Here, the dye's high water solubility and lack of functional groups besides three sulfonic acids groups can lead to severe limitation in terms of leaching. Recently, we demonstrated that the coupling of pyranine with benzalkonium chloride into a water-insoluble ion pair can solve this problem for a range of pH values. [27] Loading of the ion pair onto a porous support allowed the fabrication of a sensor for wound pH. Still, at higher pH the ion pair separates and pyranine can leach out. Therefore, a stable covalent conjugation with an adequate host matrix would be preferable.Amphiphilic polymer conetworks (APCNs) represent a class of materials with great potential as matrices for sensor applications. [28][29][30][31] APCNs combine a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic polymer in one network with a nanophase-separated morphology. The synergistic combination of both polymers and the unique structural features of APCNs result in a set of favorable properties that includes, amongst others, optical transparency, mechanical stability, and amphiphilic swelling, resulting in permeability to aqueous solutes and compounds dissolved in organic solvents. Moreover, APCN can be permeable pH SensorsThe authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Multifunctional sensors based on silicone hydrogel and their responses to solvents, pH and solution composition

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Glucose Sensing with Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Optical Diffusers

Glucose Sensing with Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Optical Diffusers

Highly Strong and Transparent Ionic Conductive Hydrogel as Multifunctional Sensors

Pyranine‐Modified Amphiphilic Polymer Conetworks as Fluorescent Ratiometric pH Sensors

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