Multifunctional SMArt composite material for<i>in situ</i>NDT/SHM and de-icing

Pinto, Fulvio; Ciampa, Francesco; Meo, Michele; Polimeno, Umberto

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/21/10/105010

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A NiTi SMA wire with a diameter of 350μm was positioned between the 3rd and the 4th plies, while the presence of a defective area was modeled using a 11cm 2 Teflon patch of ≈ 0.05mm thickness. The inclusion of Teflon inserts is a well-known technique for introducing artificial in-plane delaminations in a laminate composite structure [20,26,30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In real applications a component would carry a grid of SMA wires, at known distances and depths, that can be used to estimate the extent of the damage, hence the value of the diameter to be used in the expression for d 1 in equation (2.12). A methodology for estimating the size of the internal damage based on the a priori knowledge of the inter-wire distance and length is discussed in [20].…”

Section: Firstmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A SMArt composite is a new kind of smart multifunctional material obtained by embedding shape memory alloy (SMA) wires within traditional carbon fibre-reinforced composite (CFRP) composites [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Analytical Model for Defect Depth Estimation Using Pulsed Thermography

et al. 2016

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The use of pulsed thermography as a nondestructive evaluation tool for damage monitoring of composite materials has dramatically increased in the past decade. Typically, optical flashes are used as external heating sources, which may cause poor defect definition especially for thicker materials or multiple delaminations. SMArt thermography is a new alternative to standard pulsed thermography as it overcomes the limitations on the use of external thermal sources. Such a novel technology enables a built-in, fast and in-depth assessment of both surface and internal material defects by embedding shape memory alloy wires in traditional carbon fibre reinforced composite laminates. However, a theoretical model of thermal wave propagation for SMArt thermography, especially in the presence of internal structural defects, is needed to better interpret the observations/data measured during the experiments. The objective of this paper was to develop an analytical model for SMArt thermography to predict the depth of flaws/damage within composite materials based on experimental data. This model can also be used to predict the temperature contrast on the surface of the laminate, accounting for defect depth, size and opening, thermal properties of material and defect filler, thickness of the component, and intensity of the excitation energy. The results showed that the analytical model gives good predictions compared to experimental data. This paper is one of the first pioneering work showing the use thermography as a quantitative non-destructive tool where defect size and depth could be assessed with good accuracy.Keywords Composite materials · Pulsed thermography · Embedded shape memory alloy wires · Analytical methods · Defect depth · Thermal properties• Highlights • An analytical model for pulsed thermography is presented.• A methodology is proposed to estimate defect depth in thermography.• A quantitative method is demonstrated and limitations discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Firstmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Analytical Model for Defect Depth Estimation Using Pulsed Thermography

et al. 2016

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“…A NiTi SMA wire with a diameter of 350 m was positioned between the 3rd and the 4th plies, while the presence of a defective area was modelled using a 1 cm 2 Teflon patch of 0.05 mm thickness. The inclusion of Teflon inserts is a well-known technique for introducing artificial in-plane delaminations in a laminate composite structure [15,21,26].…”

Section: Analytical and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A SMArt composite is a new kind of multifunctional material obtained by embedding SMA wires within traditional CFRP composites [15]. Multifunctional materials lead to optimal system performance, by combining different functions into a single material, otherwise not possible through independent subsystem optimisation [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of thermal wave propagation in damaged composites with internal source

et al. 2015

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SMArt Thermography exploits the electrothermal properties of multifunctional smart structures, which are created by embedding shape memory alloy (SMA) wires in traditional carbon fibre reinforced composite laminates (known as SMArt composites), in order to detect the structural flaws using an embedded source. Such a system enables a built-in, fast, cost-effective and in-depth assessment of the structural damage as it overcomes the limitations of standard thermography techniques. However, a theoretical background of the thermal wave propagation behaviour, especially in the presence of internal structural defects, is needed to better interpret the observations/data acquired during the experiments and to optimise those critical parameters such as the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite laminate, the depth of the SMA wires and the intensity of the excitation energy. This information is essential to enhance the sensitivity of the system, thus to evaluate the integrity of the medium with different types of damage. For this purpose, this paper aims at developing an analytical model for SMArt composites, which is able to predict the temperature contrast on the surface of the laminate in the presence of in-plane internal damage (delamination-like) using pulsed thermography. Such a model, based on the Green's function formalism for one-dimensional heat equation, takes into account the thermal lateral diffusion around the defect and it can be used to compute the defect depth within the laminate. The results showed good agreement between the analytical model and the measured thermal waves using an infrared (IR) camera. Particularly, the contrast temperature curves were found to change significantly depending on the defect opening. Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/03/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9437 943709-2 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/03/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9437 943709-3 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/03/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9437 943709-10 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/03/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms

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Multifunctional, Smart, Non-Newtonian Polymer Matrix with Improved Anti-impact Properties Enabling Structural Health Monitoring in Composite Laminates

Myronidis

Boccaccio

Meo

et al. 2022

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Autonomous Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has been introduced in composite structures extensively over the last decade in an attempt to proactively monitor potential internal defects, however active/passive control of their integrity status still remains a challenge. In this work, a novel, non-Newtonian multifunctional polymer with unique active/passive capabilities is proposed for impact protection and SHM of composite laminate structures. This Polyborosiloxane(PBS)-based polymer with unique shear-dependant energy absorption characteristics, owed to a phase transition occurrence within its polymeric network, was utilised as scaffold for ferromagnetic iron particles which enabled the manufacturing of the multifunctional matrix for Glass Fibres Reinforced Polymer (GFRP). The iron particles were positioned in the polymer matrix, which was reinforced with glass fibres and employed as outer ply of a laminate structure. Their presence enables a dual functionality of the multifunctional layer: firstly, in the presence of a magnetic field, triggers the phase transition of the polymeric network offering protection to the laminate in case of impacts, and secondly, post-impact allows for the assessment of the internal integrity of the component, acting as an embedded heat source for active Infrared (IR) Thermography. The ability of the iron particles to initiate the phase transition was investigated by means of Low Velocity Impact in the presence/absence of a magnetic field and the laminates were then examined by means of induction thermography, for the evaluation of the internal damage. Results revealed that iron particles in the presence of a magnetic field led to an enhanced protection of the composite laminates, significantly reducing the extent of the internal damage. This novel, low-cost multifunctional layer provides a unique solution for the protection of composite materials, addressing their inherent weak resistance in out-of-plane direction and providing affordable SHM, thus opening new perspectives for smart structural materials which are in great demand in engineering sectors.

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Multifunctional SMArt composite material forin situNDT/SHM and de-icing

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

An Analytical Model for Defect Depth Estimation Using Pulsed Thermography

An Analytical Model for Defect Depth Estimation Using Pulsed Thermography

Modeling of thermal wave propagation in damaged composites with internal source

Multifunctional, Smart, Non-Newtonian Polymer Matrix with Improved Anti-impact Properties Enabling Structural Health Monitoring in Composite Laminates

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