Multifunctional ultrastretchable and ultrasoft electronics enabled by uncrosslinked polysiloxane elastomers patterned with rheologically modified liquid metal electrodes: Beyond current soft and stretchable electronics

Bhuyan, Priyanuj; Wei, Yuwen; Cho, Dongkyun; Nakate, Umesh T.; Kim, Seo-Yeon; Lee, Sang‐Min; Choe, Minjae; Jeon, Hongchan; Park, Sungjune

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.139832

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…An acromion was found in the resistance curve during heart venting, like to tidal waves in a healthy heart. LM can also be sprayed (Guo et al, 2018c;Li B. M. et al, 2022) or embossed (Bhuyan et al, 2023) on the template to achieve the patterning of LM circuits. For example, Park et al describe a simple and rapid method for creating LM electrodes with highly precise patterns by one-step spray deposition using a polymer mesh mask with dual structure (Park T. H. et al, 2020).…”

Section: Mold Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid metal enabled conformal electronics

Ping

Zhou²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The application of three-dimensional common electronics that can be directly pasted on arbitrary surfaces in the fields of human health monitoring, intelligent robots and wearable electronic devices has aroused people’s interest, especially in achieving stable adhesion of electronic devices on biological dynamic three-dimensional interfaces and high-quality signal acquisition. In recent years, liquid metal (LM) materials have been widely used in the manufacture of flexible sensors and wearable electronic devices because of their excellent tensile properties and electrical conductivity at room temperature. In addition, LM has good biocompatibility and can be used in a variety of biomedical applications. Here, the recent development of LM flexible electronic printing methods for the fabrication of three-dimensional conformal electronic devices on the surface of human tissue is discussed. These printing methods attach LM to the deformable substrate in the form of bulk or micro-nano particles, so that electronic devices can adapt to the deformation of human tissue and other three-dimensional surfaces, and maintain stable electrical properties. Representative examples of applications such as self-healing devices, degradable devices, flexible hybrid electronic devices, variable stiffness devices and multi-layer large area circuits are reviewed. The current challenges and prospects for further development are also discussed.

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Section: Mold Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid metal enabled conformal electronics

Ping

Zhou²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…This oxide layer can also help the metal be patterned and stabilized into the desired shapes using various unconventional methods. ,− These unique features of the liquid metal have been utilized to realize stretchable wires , and stretchable circuits . Recently, liquid metals have also been utilized to harvest EM energy dissipated from electronic appliances during operation. ,, The alternating current applied to the devices generates EM waves that can induce alternating electric fields, resulting in change in the polarization direction of the adjacent dielectrics (casting, coating, and supports) and subsequently generating dissipated energy, i.e., dielectric loss. The liquid-metal electrode patterned in a polymeric substrate near the devices can harness EM energy by the induced electrification of the metal, as previously reported. ,, However, to the best of our knowledge, the creation and utilization of topographically wrinkled liquid-metal electrodes patterned on macroscopically large areas that can potentially enhance EM energy harvesting have not been reported thus far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, liquid metals have also been utilized to harvest EM energy dissipated from electronic appliances during operation. ,, The alternating current applied to the devices generates EM waves that can induce alternating electric fields, resulting in change in the polarization direction of the adjacent dielectrics (casting, coating, and supports) and subsequently generating dissipated energy, i.e., dielectric loss. The liquid-metal electrode patterned in a polymeric substrate near the devices can harness EM energy by the induced electrification of the metal, as previously reported. ,, However, to the best of our knowledge, the creation and utilization of topographically wrinkled liquid-metal electrodes patterned on macroscopically large areas that can potentially enhance EM energy harvesting have not been reported thus far. Herein, we report a facile approach for the fabrication of stretchable and soft energy-harvesting devices patterned with a topographically wrinkled liquid metal on a silicone substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…55 Recently, liquid metals have also been utilized to harvest EM energy dissipated from electronic appliances during operation. 3,19,62 The alternating current applied to the devices generates EM waves that can induce alternating electric fields, resulting in change in the polarization direction of the adjacent dielectrics (casting, coating, and supports) and subsequently generating dissipated energy, i.e., dielectric loss. The liquid-metal electrode patterned in a polymeric substrate near the devices can harness EM energy by the induced electrification of the metal, as previously reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The liquid-metal electrode patterned in a polymeric substrate near the devices can harness EM energy by the induced electrification of the metal, as previously reported. 3,18,62 However, to the best of our knowledge, the creation and utilization of topographically wrinkled liquid-metal electrodes patterned on macroscopically large areas that can potentially enhance EM energy harvesting have not been reported thus far. Herein, we report a facile approach for the fabrication of stretchable and soft energyharvesting devices patterned with a topographically wrinkled liquid metal on a silicone substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Soft and Stretchable Electromagnetic Energy-Harvesting Devices with Topographically Wrinkled Liquid-Metal Electrodes

Bae,

Wei,

Bhuyan

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Electromagnetic (EM) energy harvesting is a promising mechanism because of its eco-friendliness and sustainability. Most electronic appliances undergo EM energy dissipation as dielectric losses from adjacent dielectrics (casting, coating, and supports) during operation. Previously, liquid-metalpatterned elastomeric devices have been utilized to harvest EM energy. Attaching devices to electronic appliances can effectively scavenge wasted EM energy and convert it into useful electrical energy. In this work, we also utilized liquid-metal-electrodepatterned silicone substrates to harvest the EM energy dissipated from electronic appliances; however, the electrodes used here have topographically wrinkled geometries formed on macroscopically large areas, resulting in improved performance. Liquid-metal electrodes were homogeneously spray-coated on a topographically wrinkled silicone substrate prepared by utilizing the interfacial instability between the mechanically heterogeneous silicone elastomer bilayer. These wrinkled electrodes demonstrate improved energy-harvesting performance owing to the larger surface area, and the densities of electric charges focused on topographic wrinkles increased as a function of the aspect ratio of the wrinkles. The practical usability of energy harvested using a liquid-metal energyharvesting device (LEHD) is ultimately demonstrated by powering small external devices. The LEHD developed in this study can be implemented in wearable energy storage devices, artificial skins, and soft robotics by integration into soft and stretchable electronics.

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Ionic Liquid Enabled Transparent Heterogeneous Elastomers for Soft Electronics

Chen,

Qiao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Dielectric elastomer (DE), as an electrically active soft material, has enabled stretchable electronics, electronic skins, artificial muscles, biomimetic soft robots, and non‐magnetic motors. High permittivity is urgently desired for increasing the sensitivity of DE sensors and lowering the driving voltage of DE actuators. However, existing efforts for significantly enhanced permittivity is usually achieved at the expense of transparency of the DE by compositing external fillers, which limits the applications in optoelectronics, such as displays, touch screens, artificial eyes, etc. Here, by utilizing of transparent functional filler, ionic liquid micro‐droplet, and precise matching the refractive index with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer matrix, heterogeneous composites with high transparency and high permittivity are obtained simultaneously. The composites are transparent in the visible range (transmittance, 80%–95%). The permittivity reaches up to 22, which is more than seven times higher than the original value of the elastomer matrix. Moreover, the arbitrary deformability of ionic liquid filler endows the composites with better stretchability (300%) and much lower elastic modulus (0.5 MPa, about a quarter the value of PDMS), which is beneficial for soft electronics. Based on the as‐prepared high‐performance composites, high sensitivity and transparent soft sensors and touch panels have been realized, as well as wireless transmission of sensing signals.

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Multifunctional ultrastretchable and ultrasoft electronics enabled by uncrosslinked polysiloxane elastomers patterned with rheologically modified liquid metal electrodes: Beyond current soft and stretchable electronics

Cited by 11 publications

References 80 publications

Liquid metal enabled conformal electronics

Liquid metal enabled conformal electronics

Soft and Stretchable Electromagnetic Energy-Harvesting Devices with Topographically Wrinkled Liquid-Metal Electrodes

Ionic Liquid Enabled Transparent Heterogeneous Elastomers for Soft Electronics

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