Multifunctional Wearable System that Integrates Sweat‐Based Sensing and Vital‐Sign Monitoring to Estimate Pre‐/Post‐Exercise Glucose Levels

Abstract

Wearable bioelectronic technologies have made significant progresses in personalized health management through non-invasive monitoring of health indicators. However, current wearable systems cannot measure biochemical information and physiological signals simultaneously, which limits integrated data analysis and their widespread clinical applications. Here, an integrated multifunctional wearable health management system composed of a disposable sweat-based glucose sensing strip and a wearable smart band is reported. The integrated system with control software electrochemically analyzes sweat glucose levels and continuously monitors vital signs (i.e., heart rate, blood oxygen saturation level, and physical activity). Different sweat collecting sites and sweat generation methods are tested in short-and long-term studies with multiple human subjects by using the developed wearable system, leading to optimized protocols for health monitoring. By combining sweat glucose data and physiological monitoring data, pre-and post-exercise blood glucose levels and blood glucose changes resulting from physical activities are reliably estimated, providing key information for preventing hypoglycemic shock during intense exercise. The integrated wearable system offers a novel comprehensive personalized health management strategy through combined analysis of key metabolic and physiological health indicators.

Regional and correlative sweat analysis using high-throughput microfluidic sensing patches toward decoding sweat

“…Traditional methods for sweat testing require off-body measurements in specialized settings by trained experts, preventing individuals from monitoring their health status immediately, independently, or routinely (11,12). By taking advantage of flexible and hybrid electronics (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), wearable sweat sensors address this limitation by enabling in situ sweat measurements with real-time feedback, creating potential for preventive care, timely diagnosis, and treatment (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)). Yet, wearable sweat sensor development has stagnated at the experimental and laboratory stage, largely due to an incomplete understanding of sweat dynamics and the physiological information carried in sweat.…”

Wireless smart contact lens for diabetic diagnosis and therapy

“…Smart electronic contact lens devices have been widely investigated for diagnostic applications, especially for continuous glucose monitoring and intraocular pressure monitoring. In addition, there have been many reports on the electrical and optical glucose sensing with improved sensitivity using various nanomaterials (24)(25)(26). To improve the sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility, we immobilized GOx in the chitosan and PVA hydrogels together with BSA.…”

Wearable and Implantable Devices for Cardiovascular Healthcare: from Monitoring to Therapy Based on Flexible and Stretchable Electronics

“…Since CVDs become much easier to manage when detected early, there is an increasing need for continuous cardiovascular monitoring . For example, various CVDs can be indicated by interpreting the patterns of electrocardiograms (ECGs) . Meanwhile, monitoring the blood pressure (BP) and blood oxygen saturation is also common practice.…”