Multifunctional ZnO@DOX/ICG-LMHP Nanoparticles for Synergistic Multimodal Antitumor Activity

Abstract

Multifunctional nanoparticles are of significant importance for synergistic multimodal antitumor activity. Herein, zinc oxide (ZnO) was used as pH-sensitive nanoparticles for loading the chemotherapy agent doxorubicin (DOX) and the photosensitizer agent indocyanine green (ICG), and biocompatible low-molecular-weight heparin (LMHP) was used as the gatekeepers for synergistic photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy/chemotherapy/immunotherapy. ZnO was decomposed into cytotoxic Zn2+ ions, leading to a tumor-specific release of ICG and DOX. ZnO simultaneously produced oxygen (O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The released ICG under laser irradiation produced ROS for PDT and raised the tumor temperature for photothermal therapy (PTT). The released DOX directly caused tumor cell death for chemotherapy. Both DOX and ICG also induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) for immunotherapy. The in vivo and in vitro results presented a superior inhibition of tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, this study could provide an efficient approach for designing multifunctional nanoparticles for synergistic multimodal antitumor therapy.

Folate-Modified pH and ROS Dual-Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers for Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery

“…The DLE and DEE were 42.4 ± 2.0 and 68.7 ± 2.1% for GC-PBA/DOX and 33.9 ± 3.2 and 54.9 ± 1.7% for FA-GC-PBA/DOX, respectively. The UV–vis spectra of GC-PBA/DOX and FA-GC-PBA/DOX showed the appearance of the characteristic absorption peak of DOX at 500 nm (Figure B), indicating the successful encapsulation of DOX . Although H 2 O 2 can trigger the removal of the PBA segment from the polymer, the particle structure showed a protection effect of the PBA segment from rapid cleavage by H 2 O 2 .…”

“…The UV−vis spectra of GC-PBA/DOX and FA-GC-PBA/DOX showed the appearance of the characteristic absorption peak of DOX at 500 nm (Figure 2B), indicating the successful encapsulation of DOX. 29 Although H 2 O 2 can trigger the removal of the PBA segment from the polymer, the particle structure showed a protection effect of the PBA segment from rapid cleavage by H 2 O 2 . As shown in Figure 3D, FA-GC-PBA/DOX micelles treated with 1 mM H 2 O 2 for 48 h maintained their spherical morphology and demonstrated a much looser structure with an increased particle size than that without H 2 O 2 treatment due to the partial cleavage of PBA fragments by hydrogen peroxide oxidation.…”

Self-Assembled Nanocomposite DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 for Enhanced Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy in Neuroblastoma

“…Notably, when TPOR is combined with DOX, there is a significant enhancement in SOSG fluorescence prior to binding. Previous studies have reported that DOX sensitizes photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy [ 45 , 46 ]. Consequently, DOX promotes the production of 1 O 2 when used in conjunction with TPOR.…”

“…As illustrated in Figure 1E, the time-dependent SOSG fluores intensity of all four drugs demonstrates their ability to produce a certain amount o Notably, when TPOR is combined with DOX, there is a significant enhancement in S fluorescence prior to binding. Previous studies have reported that DOX sensitizes p sensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy [45,46]. Consequently, DOX promote production of 1 O2 when used in conjunction with TPOR.…”