Multigene phylogeny and haplotype analysis reveals predominance of oomycetous fungus, Phytophthora meadii (McRae) associated with fruit rot disease of arecanut in India

Patil, Balanagouda; Hegde, Vinayaka; Sridhara, S.; Pandian, R. Sudhakara; Thube, Shivaji Hausrao; Palliath, Gangaraj Karyath; Gangurde, Sunil S.; Jha, Prakash Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103341

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Isolations from necrotic lesions of naturally fallen tree leaves indicate that in their centres of origin, P. ramorum (laurosilva forests in Vietnam and Japan); P. kernoviae and P. pseudokernoviae (Valdivian rainforests in Chile); and P. celebensis, P. javanensis and P. multiglobulosa (tropical rainforests in Indonesia) thrive in forest canopies as benign seasonal colonisers of senescent leaves [31,44,45,131,132]. Numerous leaf, shoot and fruit blights and canker diseases caused by aerial Phytophthora pathogens, including P. botryosa, P. capsici, P. heterospora, P. meadii, P. megakarya, P. palmivora and P. tropicalis, on tropical tree crops [8,26,[133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142] and the findings of S. medusiformis on naturally fallen tree leaves and stem tissue in tropical cloud forests in Panama and Ecuador predict a rich community of aerial Phytophthoras and other oomycetes inhabiting tropical forest canopies. Extensive surveys in canopies of tropical lowland and montane forests using both isolation tests and metagenomic approaches from necrotic leaf, shoot, fruit and bark tissues, canopy-drip samples and spore traps are needed in both wet and dry seasons to unveil the diversity of tropical aerial oomycetes and their ecological roles and host associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrospora gen. nov., a New Peronosporaceae Genus with Aerial Lifestyle from a Natural Cloud Forest in Panama

Jung

Balcì

Broders

et al. 2023

JoF

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During a survey of Phytophthora diversity in Panama, fast-growing oomycete isolates were obtained from naturally fallen leaves of an unidentified tree species in a tropical cloud forest. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences from the nuclear ITS, LSU and ßtub loci and the mitochondrial cox1 and cox2 genes revealed that they belong to a new species of a new genus, officially described here as Synchrospora gen. nov., which resided as a basal genus within the Peronosporaceae. The type species S. medusiformis has unique morphological characteristics. The sporangiophores show determinate growth, multifurcating at the end, forming a stunted, candelabra-like apex from which multiple (8 to >100) long, curved pedicels are growing simultaneously in a medusa-like way. The caducous papillate sporangia mature and are shed synchronously. The breeding system is homothallic, hence more inbreeding than outcrossing, with smooth-walled oogonia, plerotic oospores and paragynous antheridia. Optimum and maximum temperatures for growth are 22.5 and 25–27.5 °C, consistent with its natural cloud forest habitat. It is concluded that S. medusiformis as adapted to a lifestyle as a canopy-dwelling leaf pathogen in tropical cloud forests. More oomycete explorations in the canopies of tropical rainforests and cloud forests are needed to elucidate the diversity, host associations and ecological roles of oomycetes and, in particular, S. medusiformis and possibly other Synchrospora taxa in this as yet under-explored habitat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrospora gen. nov., a New Peronosporaceae Genus with Aerial Lifestyle from a Natural Cloud Forest in Panama

Jung

Balcì

Broders

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…A small piece of infected tissue was placed on carrot agar (CA) plates and incubated at 24 ± 2° C for 6–8 days ( Ribeiro, 1978 ; Pandian et al., 2021 ). Cultural and morphological observations of the isolated pathogen were carried out as per the description given by Balanagouda et al (2022a) . Total genomic DNA was isolated from the pure culture of the pathogen following the CTAB method with minor modifications ( Pandian et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently, this disease seems to occur in all the arecanut-growing regions that receive considerable monsoon rains during the Kharif season ( Sarma et al., 2002 ). FRD is caused by the Phytophthora species complex of which P. meadii ( Sastry and Hedge, 1985 ; Balanagouda et al., 2022a ) predominantly occur on arecanut plantations in India. P. palmivora ( Das and Cheeran, 1986 ), P. heveae ( Chowdappa et al., 2002 ), and P. arecae ( Pethybridge, 1913 ) are also frequently isolated from FRD-infected samples in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of oomycete-specific fungicide application impacts the efficacy against fruit rot disease in arecanut

Balanagouda,

Shil,

Sridhara

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Fungicidal application has been the common and prime option to combat fruit rot disease (FRD) of arecanut (Areca catechu L.) under field conditions. However, the existence of virulent pathotypes, rapid spreading ability, and improper time of fungicide application has become a serious challenge. In the present investigation, we assessed the efficacy of oomycete-specific fungicides under two approaches: (i) three fixed timings of fungicidal applications, i.e., pre-, mid-, and post-monsoon periods (EXPT1), and (ii) predefined different fruit stages, i.e., button, marble, and premature stages (EXPT2). Fungicidal efficacy in managing FRD was determined from evaluations of FRD severity, FRD incidence, and cumulative fallen nut rate (CFNR) by employing generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). In EXPT1, all the tested fungicides reduced FRD disease levels by >65% when applied at pre- or mid-monsoon compared with untreated control, with statistical differences among fungicides and timings of application relative to infection. In EXPT2, the efficacy of fungicides was comparatively reduced when applied at predefined fruit/nut stages, with statistically non-significant differences among tested fungicides and fruit stages. A comprehensive analysis of both experiments recommends that the fungicidal application can be performed before the onset of monsoon for effective management of arecanut FRD. In conclusion, the timing of fungicidal application based on the monsoon period provides better control of FRD of arecanut than an application based on the developmental stages of fruit under field conditions.

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First report of fruit rot caused by Phytophthora parsiana Mostowf., D.E.L. Cooke and Banihash, on arecanut in Western-Ghats of Southern India

Patil,

Pandian,

Thube

et al. 2023

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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Multigene phylogeny and haplotype analysis reveals predominance of oomycetous fungus, Phytophthora meadii (McRae) associated with fruit rot disease of arecanut in India

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Synchrospora gen. nov., a New Peronosporaceae Genus with Aerial Lifestyle from a Natural Cloud Forest in Panama

Synchrospora gen. nov., a New Peronosporaceae Genus with Aerial Lifestyle from a Natural Cloud Forest in Panama

Timing of oomycete-specific fungicide application impacts the efficacy against fruit rot disease in arecanut

First report of fruit rot caused by Phytophthora parsiana Mostowf., D.E.L. Cooke and Banihash, on arecanut in Western-Ghats of Southern India

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