Abstract-This paper is on the design and performance analysis of practical distributed space-time codes for wireless relay networks with multiple antennas terminals. The amplify-andforward scheme is used in a way that each relay transmits a scaled version of the linear combination of the received symbols. We propose distributed generalized quasi-orthogonal space-time codes which are distributed among the source antennas and relays, and valid for any number of relays. Assuming M -PSK and M -QAM signals, we derive a formula for the symbol error probability of the investigated scheme over Rayleigh fading channels. For sufficiently large SNR, this paper derives closed-form average SER expression. The simplicity of the asymptotic results provides valuable insights into the performance of cooperative networks and suggests means of optimizing them. Our analytical results have been confirmed by simulation results, using full-rate full-diversity distributed codes.
I. INTRODUCTIONIn [1], a cooperative strategy was proposed which achieves a diversity factor of R in a R-relay wireless network, using the distributed space-time codes (DSTC). A two-phase protocol is used for this strategy. In phase one, the transmitter sends the information signal to the relays and in phase two, relays send information to the receiver. The signal sent by every relay in the second phase is designed as a linear function of its received signal. It was shown that the relays can generate a linear space-time codeword at the receiver, as in a multiple antenna system, although they only cooperate distributively. This method does not require decoding at the relays and for high SNR it achieves the optimal diversity factor [1]. Recently, the design of practical DSTC in amplify-and-forward (A&F) mode, that lead to reliable communication in wireless relay networks, has been presented in [2] and [3].Distributed space-time coding in A&F mode was generalized to networks with multiple-antenna nodes in [4]. However, design of the appropriate space-time codes is not investigated in [4]. Note that in decode-and-forward (D&F) based spacetime codes, we can simply use the same space-time codes in the context of MIMO in multiple antenna source and relays [5]. Compared with D&F, since no decoding is needed at the relays, A&F DSTC saves both time and energy and more importantly, there is no rate constraint on the transmission.In this paper, we focus on the design of the quasi-orthogonal DSTCs for multiple-antenna terminals with A&F relays, which