Multikinase Inhibitor Treatment in Thyroid Cancer

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Most thyroid cancer types respond well to conventional treatment consisting of surgery and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Unfortunately, some thyroid cancer types are resistant to surgical and RAI therapy. Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) can be used in the treatment of advanced refractory thyroid cancers. The objective of this review is to give an update on MKI treatment (lenvatinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, cabozantinib, pazopanib, vandetanib) of thyroid cancer, regarding its efficacy and safety profile. We evaluated 212 articles through a PubMed search. A total of 20 articles met the inclusion and none the exclusion criteria. The studies showed promising progression-free survival rates compared to placebo treatment from earlier studies and similar or better results compared to the SELECT and DECISION trials. Adverse effects (AEs) are substantial in the treatment with MKIs. Almost all patients treated with these novel drugs experienced AEs. It is therefore crucial to focus on the management of AEs for a decent long-term outcome. The AEs are often more severe in patients with high efficacy of MKIs, which could indicate a correlation. Taken together, the novel therapeutic regimen with MKIs has shown favorable results in otherwise treatment-resistant thyroid cancer.

LncRNA GAS5 sponges miR‐362‐5p to promote sensitivity of thyroid cancer cells to 131I by upregulating SMG1

“…Thyroid cancer (TC) is the commonest endocrine cancer accounting for 550,000 cases annually in the world, and the worldwide incidence was 10.2/100,000 cases in women and 3.1/100,000 cases in men. 1 According to cell origin, TCs can be separated into follicular-derived and C-cell-derived forms. 2 As reported, female, low-iodine diet, history of goiter or thyroid nodule, radiation exposure obesity, and family history of TC are the risk factors of TC.…”

Recomendaciones para el manejo del paciente con enfermedad tiroidea en el escenario de contingencia por COVID-19

“…Los pacientes con cáncer tiroideo refractario a radioyodo, carcinoma anaplásico o carcinoma medular que reciben quimioterapia o inhibidores de tirosina cinasa (lenvatinib, sorafenib, vandetanib, etc.) son de mayor riesgo para presentar estados severos de COVID-19 31, 41,42 .…”

Cell and Molecular Biology of Thyroid Disorders 2.0

“…The detection of molecular gene expression changes and alterations in the proteome in TC proposes new diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers and therapeutic targets [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, novel drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibodies, and small molecules have been introduced and tested in vitro, in animals, and in clinical trials [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

“…In this Special Issue, a total of 12 excellent papers consisting of eight original articles [ 6 , 7 , 10 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], and four reviews [ 19 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] were published, as detailed in Table 1 .…”

“…This collection includes nine manuscripts focusing on TC [ 19 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], two research articles on the topic of Graves’ disease [ 6 , 7 ], and one article with focus on central congenital hypothyroidism [ 10 ]. The TC studies published in this issue focused on prognostic, predictive markers or biomarkers [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 27 ], oncogenes [ 22 ] of TC, and anti-cancer drugs [ 19 , 26 , 28 , 29 ].…”