Multilateral characterization for industrial Ziegler–Natta catalysts toward elucidation of structure–performance relationship

Taniike, Toshiaki; Funako, Toshiki; Terano, Minoru

doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2013.10.023

Cited by 62 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The content of titanium was determined photometrically. 25,34,35 Titanium was measured by Hach dr 6000 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Hach Co., United States) after the solid catalyst was fully dissolved in a H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O 2 solution. The resulting yellow Ti (IV) complex was measured at 410 nm.…”

Section: Catalysts Characterization Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Propylene Polymerization over MgCl₂‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Containing Tri‐Ether as the Internal Donor

et al. 2016

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1-Methoxy-2,2-bis(methoxymethyl)butane as a new internal donor was synthesized by the reaction of 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane with sodium hydride as the base and methyl iodide as the alkyl halide. The tri-ether compound was characterized by NMR and FTIR techniques. The MgCl 2 -supported titanium catalysts were incorporated with varying amounts of 1-methoxy-2,2-bis(methoxymethyl)butane as the internal donor (ID) and also without the internal donor were synthesized, and then the prepared catalysts were characterized. The concentration of titanium, magnesium, and chloride were determined by spectrophotometry and by complexometric and argentometric titration, respectively. The polymerization of propylene was carried out with the prepared catalysts in conjunction with triethylaluminum as a cocatalyst and hydrogen as a chain transfer agent, with and without cyclohexylmethyldimethoxysilane as the external donor. The effects of a new internal donor on MgCl 2 -supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts for propylene polymerization were investigated, and then these results were compared to the obtained polypropylenes results, which were obtained using the conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst containing diisobutyl phthalate as the internal donor. The highest isotacticity, melting temperature, and crystallinity degree of polypropylene were obtained using Cat-D with an ID/Mg molar ratio equal to 0.44, and the highest catalytic activity is related to Cat-B with an ID/Mg molar ratio equal to 0.22. The Ziegler-Natta catalysts incorporated with various ID/Mg molar ratios of 1-methoxy-2,2-bis(methoxymethyl)butane were synthesized. The polymerization of propylene was carried out with the prepared catalysts. The highest catalytic activity is related to Cat-B with an ID/Mg molar ratio equal to 0.22. The catalyst with an optimum ID/Mg molar ratio equal to 0.44 is a favorable catalyst for polymerization of propylene. C

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Section: Catalysts Characterization Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Propylene Polymerization over MgCl₂‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Containing Tri‐Ether as the Internal Donor

et al. 2016

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“…[19] 0.67 g of I 2 and 32.0 mL of dehydrated alcohol mixture were introduced into a 500 mL jacket-type cylindrical vessel equipped with a mechanical stirrer rotated at 180 rpm under N 2 atmosphere. The temperature was raised to 75 8C before adding 2.5 g of Mg powder and 32.0 mL of alcohol mixture.…”

Section: Magnesium Alkoxide Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19] 15.0 g of Mg(OR) 2 and 150 mL of toluene were charged into a 500 mL threeneck round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer rotated at 180 rpm under N 2 atmosphere. 30.0 mL of TiCl 4 was dropwise added to the suspension in a way to keep the temperature in the range of 0-5 8C.…”

Section: Catalyst Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The content of butyl branches as a result of 1-hexene incorporation was determined by 13 C NMR (Bruker 400 MHz). [19] …”

Section: Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19] The pore size distribution in meso scales (2 nm < D < 50 nm) was determined using either the BJH method or the INNES method. [20,21] Though both of the methods are based on the same Kelvin equation, the former assumes cylindrical mesopores while the latter assumes slit-shaped mesopores.…”

Section: Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Alternation of Pore Architecture of Ziegler–Natta Catalysts through Modification of Magnesium Ethoxide

Funako

Chammingkwan

Taniike

et al. 2015

Macro Reaction Engineering

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The present article proposes a simple way to dramatically alter the pore architecture of Mg(OEt) 2 -based Ziegler-Natta catalysts by the addition of a small amount of i-propanol the synthesis of Mg(OEt) 2 . The incorporated i-propoxide distorts the crystalline structure of Mg(OEt) 2 , finally causing the phase transformation and significant densification of particles. Such modifications completely alternate the pore architecture of resultant catalysts, which contribute to the design of catalytic properties.

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Observation on different reducing power of cocatalysts on the Ziegler–Natta catalyst containing alkoxide species for ethylene polymerization

Hongmanee

Sripothongnak

Jongsomjit

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, the effects of three types of cocatalyst having different alkyl groups, such as triethylaluminium (TEA), triisobutylaluminum (TiBA), and trioctylaluminium (TnOA), and their concentrations on the catalytic activity and polymer properties were investigated for the Ziegler–Natta catalyst containing alkoxide species. The drastic escalation of catalytic activity was observed when the ratio of Al/Ti was increased only for TEA because of its good diffusivity as proven by the electron spin resonance technique. Moreover, it was found that the characteristic of the alkyl group in cocatalyst affected on the chain transfer ability. The chain transfer ability of TnOA was found to be equal to the TiBA in spite of its concentration was higher. By the way, the cocatalyst types and their concentrations did not affect on the variety of active sites as seen in molecular weight distribution of polymer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40884.

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Multilateral characterization for industrial Ziegler–Natta catalysts toward elucidation of structure–performance relationship

Cited by 62 publications

References 38 publications

Propylene Polymerization over MgCl₂‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Containing Tri‐Ether as the Internal Donor

Propylene Polymerization over MgCl₂‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Containing Tri‐Ether as the Internal Donor

Alternation of Pore Architecture of Ziegler–Natta Catalysts through Modification of Magnesium Ethoxide

Observation on different reducing power of cocatalysts on the Ziegler–Natta catalyst containing alkoxide species for ethylene polymerization

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Multilateral characterization for industrial Ziegler–Natta catalysts toward elucidation of structure–performance relationship

Cited by 62 publications

References 38 publications

Propylene Polymerization over MgCl2‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Containing Tri‐Ether as the Internal Donor

Propylene Polymerization over MgCl2‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Containing Tri‐Ether as the Internal Donor

Alternation of Pore Architecture of Ziegler–Natta Catalysts through Modification of Magnesium Ethoxide

Observation on different reducing power of cocatalysts on the Ziegler–Natta catalyst containing alkoxide species for ethylene polymerization

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Propylene Polymerization over MgCl₂‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Containing Tri‐Ether as the Internal Donor

Propylene Polymerization over MgCl₂‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Containing Tri‐Ether as the Internal Donor