Multilayer graphene on hBN substrate waveguide modulator

Zarepour, Mehdi; Abdipour, Abdolali; Moradi, Gholamreza

doi:10.1049/iet-opt.2019.0008

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Future experimental study entails using hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) as a substrate between graphene and a silicon grating to increase the carrier mobility while ensuring a flat surface. [91][92][93] Furthermore, our design has the potential of being integrated with compact THz detection devices that utilize photoconduction [94][95][96] or second-order nonlinearity processes. [97,98] Although our simulations have focused on the case of graphene atop a simple silicon grating, additional possibilities may be opened up by using different choices of 2D material and substrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smith–Purcell Radiation from Highly Mobile Carriers in 2D Quantum Materials

Nussupbekov

Xiong

et al. 2023

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Terahertz (THz) radiation has broad applications ranging from medical imaging to spectroscopy. One viable source of high‐intensity THz radiation is the Smith–Purcell (SP) effect, which involves charge carriers moving over a periodic surface. Conventional SP emitters use electron beams to generate charge carriers, necessitating bulky electron acceleration stages. Here, a compact design for generating THz SP radiation using mobile charge carriers within 2D materials is proposed. This circumvents the beam alignment and beam divergence challenge, allowing for a reduction in the electron‐grating separation from tens of nm to 5 nm or less, leading to more efficient near‐field excitation and a potentially chip‐level THz source. In such a configuration, it is shown that the optimal electron velocity and the corresponding maximum radiation intensity can be predicted from the electron‐grating separation. The numerical demonstration shows that hot electrons can excite SP radiation in graphene on a silicon grating, and the radiation intensity can be increased by graphene surface plasmons. This study can be extended to a broad variety of charge carriers in 2D materials, thus allowing for compact, tunable, and low‐cost THz sources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smith–Purcell Radiation from Highly Mobile Carriers in 2D Quantum Materials

Nussupbekov

Xiong

et al. 2023

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…Then, it yields a modulation extinction ratio (ER) as high as 36 dB/ μm with an E bit value of about 14 fJ/bit [18]. This design approach has the potential to significantly enhance the modulator's speed, achieving an f 3dB of up to 262.9 GHz, while simultaneously reducing the IL to 4 × 10 −3 dB μm −1 in the transverse electric (TM) mode for a 40 μm long device [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing modulation performance by design of hybrid plasmonic optical modulator integrating multi-layer graphene and TiO₂ on silicon waveguides

Supasai,

Siritaratiwat,

Srichan

et al. 2024

Nanotechnology

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A novel way to enhance modulation performance is through the design of a hybrid plasmonic optical modulator that integrates multi-layer graphene and TiO2 on silicon waveguides. In this article, a design is presented of a proposed modulator based on the use of the two-dimensional finite difference eigenmode solver, the three-dimensional eigenmode expansion solver, and the CHARGE solver. Leveraging inherent graphene properties and utilizing the subwavelength confinement capabilities of hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs), we achieved a modulator design that is both compact and highly efficient. The electrical bandwidth f 3dB is at 460.42 GHz and it reduces energy consumption to 12.17 fJ/bit with a modulator that functions at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. According to our simulation results, our innovation was the optimization of the third dielectric layer’s thickness, setting the stage to achieve greater modulation depths. This synergy between graphene and HPWs not only augments subwavelength confinement, but also optimizes light–graphene interaction, culminating in a markedly enhanced modulation efficiency. As a result, our modulator presents a high extinction ratio and minimized insertion loss. Furthermore, it exhibits polarization insensitivity and a greater bandwidth. Our work sets a new benchmark in optical communication systems, emphasizing the potential for the next generation of chip-scale with high-efficiency optical modulators that significantly outpace conventional graphene-based designs.

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“…Optical waveguides are devices that confine light to their interior or near surfaces and guide light to propagate along a certain direction, which can be divided into planar waveguides, slot waveguides and ridge waveguides according to their structure. Optical waveguides can be used to fabricate devices, such as lasers [14,15], transistors [16], modulators [17], couplers [18], etc. In recent years, researchers have realized the combination of optical waveguides and photodetectors which can improve the performance of photodetectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on 2D materials for infrared detection

Huang

Hao

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Two-dimensional(2D) materials have received extensive attention in optoelectronics because of their unique characteristics. However, due to the extremely thin thickness of 2D materials, their optical absorption is limited. In recent years, researchers have used different effects and structures to enhance the optical absorption of 2D materials. Waveguide, as a device to guide and limit light propagation, has been integrated into photodetectors based on 2D materials, and most of them are applied in the infrared spectrum. This article reviews the development of waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on 2D materials, mainly in the infrared spectrum in recent years. Discussions mainly focus on the preparation of materials in waveguide-integrated photodetectors, the design and simulation of waveguide structures, and the research results and applications of waveguide-integrated photodetectors in recent years are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of waveguide-integrated photodetectors are put forward and discussed.

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Multilayer graphene on hBN substrate waveguide modulator

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Smith–Purcell Radiation from Highly Mobile Carriers in 2D Quantum Materials

Smith–Purcell Radiation from Highly Mobile Carriers in 2D Quantum Materials

Enhancing modulation performance by design of hybrid plasmonic optical modulator integrating multi-layer graphene and TiO₂ on silicon waveguides

Recent progress in waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on 2D materials for infrared detection

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Multilayer graphene on hBN substrate waveguide modulator

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Smith–Purcell Radiation from Highly Mobile Carriers in 2D Quantum Materials

Smith–Purcell Radiation from Highly Mobile Carriers in 2D Quantum Materials

Enhancing modulation performance by design of hybrid plasmonic optical modulator integrating multi-layer graphene and TiO2 on silicon waveguides

Recent progress in waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on 2D materials for infrared detection

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Enhancing modulation performance by design of hybrid plasmonic optical modulator integrating multi-layer graphene and TiO₂ on silicon waveguides