Multilayer optical elements for generation and analysis of circularly polarized X-rays

Kortright, Jeffrey B.; Underwood, J. H.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(90)90073-f

Cited by 79 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Radiation with a medium degree of circular polarization at higher photon energies up to the soft X-ray region can be preserved in the monochromization at grazing incidence [7,8]. Some activities exist to extend the usable photon energy range to higher values with normal incidence multilayer optics [9]. Higher degrees of circular polarization can then be expected behind a monochromator.…”

Section: Sources Of Circularly Polarized Radiationmentioning

confidence: 96%

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X-Ray Absorption and Experiments with Circularly Polarized Radiation

Schmiedeskamp

1994

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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Absorption of circularly polarized radiation (x-radiation) recently gained interest mainly due to its helicity-dependence for magnetic materials (circular magnetic dichroism). The physics behind this absorption process is optical orientation and is closely related to the physics behind other types of experiment with circularly polarized radiation in which fundamental electronic properties of matter are studied. The consideration of X-ray absorption plays also a role in the development of new beam lines for x-radiation. An important part in a beamline for x-radiation in the soft X-ray range can be multilayer optics. The role of absorption in the design of these optics is discussed as well as different types of experiment with circularly polarized radiation: the physical mechanism of optical orientation is applied to gain insight into both magnetic and fundamental electronic properties of matter.

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Section: Sources Of Circularly Polarized Radiationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To the knowledge of the author, this has, however, up to now not yet been verified. Phase shifting elements with multilayers used in transmission are also discussed [9]. For hard X-rays 10 keV) single crystalline plates are used as phase retarders and yield a high degree of circular polarization [10].…”

Section: Sources Of Circularly Polarized Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Absorption and Experiments with Circularly Polarized Radiation

Schmiedeskamp

1994

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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“…While specular linear polarizers exist in the soft x-ray range [16,34,35], they are inefficient. Because of the weak intensities and relaxed angular resolution in the diffuse scattering measurement, we did not employ a separate linear polarizer.…”

Section: B Resonant Scattering Measurements At the Carbon K-edgementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular anisotropy effects in carbonK-edge scattering: Depolarized diffuse scattering and optical anisotropy

Stone

Kortright

2014

Phys. Rev. B

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Some polymer properties, such as conductivity, are very sensitive to short-and intermediaterange orientational and positional ordering of anisotropic molecular functional groups, and yet means to characterize orientational order in disordered systems are very limited. We demonstrate that resonant scattering at the carbon K-edge is uniquely sensitive to short-range orientation correlations in polymers through depolarized scattering at high momentum transfers, using atactic polystyrene as a well-characterized test system. Depolarized scattering is found to coexist with unpolarized fluorescence, and to exhibit pronounced anisotropy. We also quantify the spatially averaged optical anisotropy from low-angle reflectivity measurements, finding anisotropy consistent with prior visible, x-ray absorption, and theoretical studies. The average anisotropy is much smaller than that in the depolarized scattering and the two have different character. Both measurements exhibit clear spectral signatures from the phenyl rings and the polyethylene-like backbone. Discussion focuses on analysis considerations and prospects for using this depolarized scattering for studies of disorder in soft condensed matter.

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“…A periodic multilayer working at the quasi-Brewster angle provides a high degree of polarization, and a phase shift between the sand p-polarized light can be introduced when the multilayer Bragg peak is designed near 45 for both reflection and transmission geometries. [40][41][42] Therefore, multilayers are commonly used as a polarizer or phase retarder in the XUV region. [43][44][45][46][47] To extend the working bandwidth of polarizers in applications, the aperiodic multilayer system can be used as an alternative for the double-polarizer scheme 48 or the laterally graded multilayer.…”

Section: Broadband Multilayer Polarizermentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral tailoring of nanoscale EUV and soft x-ray multilayer optics

Huang

Медведев

Kruijs

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Reviews

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Extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray (XUV) multilayer optics have experienced significant development over the past few years, particularly on controlling the spectral characteristics of light for advanced applications like EUV photolithography, space observation, and accelerator- or lab-based XUV experiments. Both planar and three dimensional multilayer structures have been developed to tailor the spectral response in a wide wavelength range. For the planar multilayer optics, different layered schemes are explored. Stacks of periodic multilayers and capping layers are demonstrated to achieve multi-channel reflection or suppression of the reflective properties. Aperiodic multilayer structures enable broadband reflection both in angles and wavelengths, with the possibility of polarization control. The broad wavelength band multilayer is also used to shape attosecond pulses for the study of ultrafast phenomena. Narrowband multilayer monochromators are delivered to bridge the resolution gap between crystals and regular multilayers. High spectral purity multilayers with innovated anti-reflection structures are shown to select spectrally clean XUV radiation from broadband X-ray sources, especially the plasma sources for EUV lithography. Significant progress is also made in the three dimensional multilayer optics, i.e., combining micro- and nanostructures with multilayers, in order to provide new freedom to tune the spectral response. Several kinds of multilayer gratings, including multilayer coated gratings, sliced multilayer gratings, and lamellar multilayer gratings are being pursued for high resolution and high efficiency XUV spectrometers/monochromators, with their advantages and disadvantages, respectively. Multilayer diffraction optics are also developed for spectral purity enhancement. New structures like gratings, zone plates, and pyramids that obtain full suppression of the unwanted radiation and high XUV reflectance are reviewed. Based on the present achievement of the spectral tailoring multilayer optics, the remaining challenges and opportunities for future researches are discussed.

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Multilayer optical elements for generation and analysis of circularly polarized X-rays

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

X-Ray Absorption and Experiments with Circularly Polarized Radiation

X-Ray Absorption and Experiments with Circularly Polarized Radiation

Molecular anisotropy effects in carbonK-edge scattering: Depolarized diffuse scattering and optical anisotropy

Spectral tailoring of nanoscale EUV and soft x-ray multilayer optics

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