Multilevel analysis of health risk behaviour in Czech teenagers

Abstract

Glacial lake outburst flood (or shortly GLOF) has become a well-known phenomenon, one of natural hazards occurring in glaciated high mountain areas of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal distribution of these events in Asia and to assess causes of lake outbursts. Therefore, a search of scientific literature and reports was carried out resulting in 219 flood cases found. In order to detect possible differences in temporal distribution a group of ice-dammed lakes was detached and compared with the rest. Concerning spatial distribution of GLOFs, it is influenced by availability of scientific literature which is determined by research teams' region interest. Temporal analysis revealed a certain pattern in ice-dammed lake outburst distribution and notable difference between the two lake groups in terms of outburst occurrence within a year. The moraine-dammed lake outbursts were recorded earlier in an ablation season (compared to ice-dammed lakes) which could be attributed to different mechanism of dam failure. Majority of lake outburst causes were included in the category of dynamic causes (e.g. ice avalanche), long-term causes (e.g. dead-ice melting) were less represented. Results of the study imply there can be notable variations of temporal distribution and causes of GLOFs among individual mountain regions even within one continent. Therefore, varying behavior of potentially dangerous lakes should be taken into consideration when, for instance, proposing mitigation measures.

Adolescent drinking—a touch of social class?

“…However, all the data were adolescent-reported, implying measurement errors that reduce the precision of our estimates. Much previous research has also relied upon adolescents' information about their parents' social standing [12,21,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57], and the reliability of such proxy measures may be questioned. Comparisons of adolescent-and parent-reported data on parents' SES have revealed moderate to very high agreement [58][59][60][61], and the older the adolescents, the higher the concordance [60][61][62].…”

Predictors of excessive use of social media and excessive online gaming in Czech teenagers

“…The Czech Republic has long been known as a country with exceptionally high prevalence rates of health risk behavior among teenagers ( Dzúrová, Spilková, & Vraný, 2016 ; Spilková, Pikhart, & Dzúrová, 2015 ), often leading in international comparisons of alcohol, tobacco, and/or cannabis use (e.g., European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2016 ; Hibell et al., 2012 ; Inchley et al., 2016 ). Recent data from the 2015 results of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) have also exposed a high number of exessive Internet users in the Czech Republic ( ESPAD, 2015 ).…”

Risky behaviour in older school children

“…Na přítomnost rizikového chování mělo vliv pravidelné kouření matky, nespokojenost se vztahem k rodičům, nespokojenost se životem, negativní vztah k chození do školy, horší subjektivně vnímané zdraví, trávení volného času venku s přáteli a málo sportovních aktivit. Celkem 55,3 % respondentů nevykazovalo žádné známky rizikového chování, 25,6 % vykazovalo jeden typ rizikového chování, 12,3 % dva typy a 6,8 % souboru vykazovalo všechny tři typy rizikového chování [24].…”