“…Moreover, the meanings of these goals and values, such as transparency, predictability, efficiency, accountability, and equity, are themselves ambiguous and subject to contestation (Spicer 2019). Add to this that the tasks, procedures, and resources of public organizations tend to be widely distributed, loosely coupled, multilevel, and heterogeneous, and that the boundaries separating the public and private sector are often blurred (Hart et al 2009;Kersbergen & Waarden 2009;Schakel et al 2015;Torfing et al 2019). Finally, what it means to govern and be governed changes over time, as new governance paradigms are layered atop old governance paradigms, creating overlaps and hybrids (Torfing et al 2020).…”