Multilevel Intensity-Modulation for Rolling Shutter-Based Optical Camera Communication

Rachim, Vega Pradana; Chung, Wan-Young

doi:10.1109/lpt.2018.2823784

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, in the near future, this technology could provide a large contribution to the upcoming IoT paradigms and the requirements of massive user connectivity. Recently, numerous experimental works have been published [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] for OCC with their individual implementation goals. According to the application, every work meets a certain level of results which can satisfy the particular goals.…”

Section: Occ Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to another work of P. Luo et al [12], a data rate of 500 bps is achieved at a distance of 1.5 m. This work also has to perform off line simulations as well. Multi-level intensity modulation (MI) and color-shift keying (CSK) can provide a comparatively higher data rate (up to 10 kbps) but are limited with the communication distance [14,16,17]. Smartphone-based real-time processing is a challenging issue as it has camera limitations and lower processing strength.…”

Section: Occ Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to V.P. Rachim et al [14], a data rate up of to 10 kbps was developed with a 2 m range using a four-intensity modulation technique. Hence, research is being carried out to develop such modulation schemes for OCC, which can offer both improved capacities and higher communication distances.…”

Section: Modulations and Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smartphone Camera-Based Optical Wireless Communication System: Requirements and Implementation Challenges

et al. 2019

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Visible light and infrared bands of the optical spectrum used for optical camera communication (OCC) are becoming a promising technology nowadays. Researchers are proposing new OCC-based architectures and applications in both indoor and outdoor systems using the embedded cameras on smartphones, with a view to making them user-friendly. Smartphones have useful features for developing applications using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor cameras, which can receive data from optical transmitters. However, several challenges have arisen in increasing the capacity and communication range, owing to the limitations of current cameras and implementation complexities. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the OCC technology requirements and opportunities using smartphone cameras from an implementation point of view. Furthermore, we demonstrate an OCC system using a low frame rate smartphone camera to particularly analyze the requirements and critical implementation challenges. Also, some possible solutions are provided with a view to improving the overall system capacity, communication distance, and stability.

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Section: Occ Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occ Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smartphone Camera-Based Optical Wireless Communication System: Requirements and Implementation Challenges

et al. 2019

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“…However, several studies have already demonstrated healthy data rates by introducing new modulation techniques [12,22]. A data rate of 10 kbps was achieved using a multilevel intensity-modulation (m-IM) technique [30]. The DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing technique employed by Goto et al attained a data rate of 55 Mbps [22].…”

Section: Data Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis and Improvement of Optical Camera Communication

et al. 2018

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Optical camera communication (OCC) is a technology in which a camera image sensor is employed to receive data bits sent from a light source. OCC has attracted a lot of research interest in the area of mobile optical wireless communication due to the popularity of smartphones with embedded cameras. Moreover, OCC offers high-performance characteristics, including an excellent signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), high security, low interference, and high stability with respect to varying communication distances. Despite these advantages, OCC suffers from several limitations, the primary of which is the low data rate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the parameters that influence the OCC performance. These parameters include the camera sampling rate, the exposure time, the focal length, the pixel edge length, the transmitter configurations, and the optical flickering rate. In particular, the focus is on enhancing the data rate, SINR, and communication distance, which are the principal factors determining the quality of service experienced by a user. The paper also provides a short survey of modulation schemes used in OCC on the basis of the achieved data rate, communication distance, and possible application scenarios. A theoretical analysis of user satisfaction using OCC is also rendered. Furthermore, we present the simulation results demonstrating OCC performance with respect to variations in the parameters mentioned above, which include the outage probability analysis for OCC.

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“…However, RS-based OCC has not been conducted. As a multilevel amplitude modulation for RS-based OCC, multilevel data symbol is constructed from multiple pulses in a single symbol period using RGB-LED [4]. However, RS-based multilevel QAM OCC has not been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rolling-shutter-based 16-QAM optical camera communication by spatial luminance distribution

Chujo

Kinoshita

2019

IEICE ComEX

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To increase both the symbol rate and the number of bits per symbol for optical camera communication (OCC), rolling-shutter (RS)-based quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is demonstrated by spatial luminance distribution of a light emitting diode (LED) surface. The spatial luminance distribution method is adapted to different LEDs regardless of the LED shape and configuration, and compared with the conventional pixel value method. The advantages and drawbacks of the spatial luminance distribution method are experimentally investigated. When the symbol length is integer multiples of the line interval of the RS camera, RS-based 16-QAM OCC is demonstrated using a square-shape LED.

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Multilevel Intensity-Modulation for Rolling Shutter-Based Optical Camera Communication

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Smartphone Camera-Based Optical Wireless Communication System: Requirements and Implementation Challenges

Smartphone Camera-Based Optical Wireless Communication System: Requirements and Implementation Challenges

Performance Analysis and Improvement of Optical Camera Communication

Rolling-shutter-based 16-QAM optical camera communication by spatial luminance distribution

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