Multilevel inverters: a survey of topologies, controls, and applications

Abstract

Abstract-Multilevel inverter technology has emerged recently as a very important alternative in the area of high-power medium-voltage energy control. This paper presents the most important topologies like diode-clamped inverter (neutral-point clamped), capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor), and cascaded multicell with separate dc sources. Emerging topologies like asymmetric hybrid cells and soft-switched multilevel inverters are also discussed. This paper also presents the most relevant control and modulation methods developed for this family of converters: multilevel sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation, multilevel selective harmonic elimination, and space-vector modulation. Special attention is dedicated to the latest and more relevant applications of these converters such as laminators, conveyor belts, and unified power-flow controllers. The need of an active front end at the input side for those inverters supplying regenerative loads is also discussed, and the circuit topology options are also presented. Finally, the peripherally developing areas such as high-voltage high-power devices and optical sensors and other opportunities for future development are addressed.

Optimal power system and grid interface design considerations for the CLICs klystron modulators

“…In the case of a Modular Multilevel Converter [9], containing internal storage elements, such as cell capacitors and arm inductors the losses relate to both semiconductor losses and losses in passive elements. In the case of lower power and voltage levels, simplest topologies such as Neutral Point Clamped [10] only switching and conduction losses of semiconductors are included. In all cases, semiconductor losses are estimated using the waveform averaging method proposed in [11].…”

Modeling and Analysis of Wind turbine Driven Self-Excited Induction Generator Connected to GridInterface with Multilevel H-Bridge Inverter

“…The rectifier is, therefore, commonly known as a six-pulse rectifier [4]. The average value of the dc voltage can be calculated by…”

“…Multilevel converter topologies are based on this principle, and therefore the voltages applied to the devices can be controlled and limited. Then number of H bridges is formed as 4.The no of bridges is equivalent to where n is the no of levels (here 9) [4] and the no of carrier waves for PWM control is equal to (m-1) overall for the positive and negative gate pulse generators. The range of the modulation index of the inverter is 0≤m≤ √ .The number of output phase voltage levels is M= [6].…”

Sistema Híbrido de Energía Utilizando Energía Solar y Red Eléctrica

“…6 (a) [16], [17] y [18]. Se puede construir un inversor multinivel en cascada tipo puente H fuente común con la proporción adecuada de voltaje la cual es ajustada con la relación de transformación.…”