Multilocus Analyses Reveal Postglacial Demographic Shrinkage of Juniperus morrisonicola (Cupressaceae), a Dominant Alpine Species in Taiwan

Huang, Chi‐Cheng; Hsu, Tsai Wen; Wang, Hao Ven; Liu, Zin Huang; Chen, Yi-Yen; Chiu, Chi Te; Huang, Chao; Hung, Kuo Hsiang; Chiang, Tzen‐Yuh

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161713

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Lastly, the cool and wet glacial period preceding the glacial maximum would probably be optimal for a cold-specialized, riparian beetle, and thus explains the larger population size at this time. A few other studies have shown population expansion during glaciation followed by postglacial population declines in alpine and subalpine species (Galbreath et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2016;Zaman et al, 2019).…”

Section: Differentiating Drainage-based Multiple Refugia From Nunatak...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage basins serve as multiple glacial refugia for alpine habitats in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California

2020

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The evolutionary histories of alpine species are often directly associated with responses to glaciation. Deep divergence among populations and complex patterns of genetic variation have been inferred as consequences of persistence within glacier boundaries (i.e., on nunataks), while shallow divergence and limited genetic variation are assumed to result from expansion from large refugia at the edge of ice shields (i.e., massifs de refuge). However, for some species, dependence on specific microhabitats could profoundly influence their spatial and demographic response to glaciation, and such a simple dichotomy may obscure the localization of actual refugia. In this study, we use the Nebria ingens complex (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a water‐affiliated ground beetle lineage, to test how drainage basins are linked to their observed population structure. By analysing mitochondrial COI gene sequences and genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, we find that the major drainage systems of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California best explain the population structure of the N. ingens complex. In addition, we find that an intermediate morphotype within the N. ingens complex is the product of historical hybridization of N. riversi and N. ingens in the San Joaquin basin during glaciation. This study highlights the importance of considering ecological preferences in how species respond to climate fluctuations and provides an explanation for discordances that are often observed in comparative phylogeographical studies.

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Section: Differentiating Drainage-based Multiple Refugia From Nunatak...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage basins serve as multiple glacial refugia for alpine habitats in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California

2020

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“…The study of historical biogeography and phylogeny of cypress 54 suggested that C. formosensis in Taiwan diverged from Chamaecyparis in Japan 2.9 million years ago. The arrival of the Quaternary glaciation led to species extinction and the continued retreat of species to lower latitudes 55 ; thus Taiwan Island became a refuge for many ancient species, such as Juniperus morrisonicola (Cupressaceae) 56 , Abies kawakamii (Pinaceae) 57 , Castanopsis carlesii (Fagaceae) 58 . After the glaciation, species spread from the refuge to the surrounding areas and created species diversity across the latitude gradient 59 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SSR individual identification system construction and population genetics analysis for Chamaecyparis formosensis

Huang

Chu

Huang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Chamaecyparis formosensis is an endemic species of Taiwan, threatened from intensive use and illegal felling. An individual identification system for C. formosensis is required to provide scientific evidence for court use and deter illegal felling. In this study, 36 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers were developed. By applying up to 28 non-linked of the developed markers, it is calculated that the cumulative random probability of identity (CPI) is as low as 1.652 × 10–12, and the identifiable population size is up to 60 million, which is greater than the known C. formosensis population size in Taiwan. Biogeographical analysis data show that C. formosensis from four geographic areas belong to the same genetic population, which can be further divided into three clusters: SY (Eastern Taiwan), HV and GW (Northwestern Taiwan), and MM (Southwestern Taiwan). The developed system was applied to assess the provenance of samples with 88.44% accuracy rate and therefore can serve as a prescreening tool to reduce the range required for comparison. The system developed in this study is a potential crime-fighting tool against illegal felling.

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“…Generally, high genetic diversity is considered indicative of large populations (Charlesworth, 2009), and this is borne out in alpine habitats by demographic analyses (e.g. Huang et al ., 2016). Therefore, reference to range change rather than ‘refugia’ is more appropriate as it avoids the implication that the current climatic situation represents the norm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and ice in the last glacial maximum explain patterns of isolation by distance inferred for alpine grasshoppers

Carmelet-Rescan

Morgan‐Richards

Koot

et al. 2021

Insect Conserv Diversity

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Cold‐adapted species are likely to have had more widespread ranges and greater population connectivity during the last glacial period than is the case today. This contrasts with the trend in many species for range and population size to increase during interglacials. We examined the pattern of genetic and morphological variation within an endemic, wingless, alpine grasshopper Sigaus australis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the Southern Alps of New Zealand, testing for isolation by distance using geometric morphometric and mitochondrial ND2 sequences to document variation. Presence/absence data were analysed to estimate the environmental envelope (niche) of Sigaus australis and the resulting model used to infer the extent of available habitat for the species during the last glacial maximum. Estimates of past range size were modified using models of montane ice extent during the LGM. Clinal patterns of pronotum shape variation and signatures of isolation by distance support the hypothesis of a formerly more connected species. A north/south division was observed in pronotum shape, but the phenotypic variation was not diagnostic, as one would expect within a single species. Although the current habitat area occupied by Sigaus australis is much smaller than estimates for the LGM from our climate model, we show that realised area differed less due to the extension of valley glaciers. However, the current distribution of S. australis is more fragmented than in the past. This and other flightless alpine species currently restricted to fragmented high elevation habitat demonstrate genetic lag but are subject to loss of diversity as anthropogenic climate warming proceeds.

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Multilocus Analyses Reveal Postglacial Demographic Shrinkage of Juniperus morrisonicola (Cupressaceae), a Dominant Alpine Species in Taiwan

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Drainage basins serve as multiple glacial refugia for alpine habitats in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California

Drainage basins serve as multiple glacial refugia for alpine habitats in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California

SSR individual identification system construction and population genetics analysis for Chamaecyparis formosensis

Climate and ice in the last glacial maximum explain patterns of isolation by distance inferred for alpine grasshoppers

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