Multilocus Sequence Typing of Historical
            <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>
            Isolates Collected in Southeast Asia from 1964 to 1967 Provides Insight into the Epidemiology of Melioidosis

McCombie, Roberta Lea; Finkelstein, Richard A.; Woods, Donald E.

doi:10.1128/jcm.00725-06

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…More recently, McCombie et al, using a historical collection of B. pseudomallei isolates collected in Thailand in the 1960s, suggested that one ST (ST60) found in Thailand was common to a group of environmental isolates from Australia (13). However, we have reason to believe that these isolates may not have been from Australia (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic Diversity of Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates in Australia

et al. 2008

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Melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative saprophytic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is endemic to southeast Asia and northern Australia. We have previously found evidence of geographic localization of strains based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In this study, we examined the diversity of 277 isolates from northern Australia, which were resolved into 159 different sequence types. No sequence types were common to both Queensland and the Northern Territory, and there was significant differentiation between the alleles present in the two regions. The considerable diversity in sequence types contrasts with the limited diversity of alleles at MLST loci, supporting previous work suggesting a high rate of recombination relative to mutation in B. pseudomallei, where new sequence types are primarily generated by reassortment of existing alleles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic Diversity of Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates in Australia

et al. 2008

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“…In that previous study, it was suggested that B. pseudomallei may possibly have originated in Australia and been propagated through animal migration during the Miocene Period around 15 million years ago, when a land bridge joined the Australia-New Guinea continent and Southeast Asia. Another study (18) refuted the distinctiveness of Australian and Thai populations of B. pseudomallei, but this claim is based upon a single sequence type that is shared between the two populations, which might be expected if one population founded the other or because of travel between the two countries. Alternatively, group YLF may be better adapted to environmental conditions in Southeast Asia with its high frequency due to selective forces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Horizontal Gene Transfer Event Defines Two Distinct Groups within Burkholderia pseudomallei That Have Dissimilar Geographic Distributions

et al. 2007

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Burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiologic agent of melioidosis. Many disease manifestations are associated with melioidosis, and the mechanisms causing this variation are unknown; genomic differences among strains offer one explanation. We compared the genome sequences of two strains of B. pseudomallei: the original reference strain K96243 from Thailand and strain MSHR305 from Australia. We identified a variable homologous region between the two strains. This region was previously identified in comparisons of the genome of B. pseudomallei strain K96243 with the genome of strain E264 from the closely related B. thailandensis. In that comparison, K96243 was shown to possess a horizontally acquired Yersinia-like fimbrial (YLF) gene cluster. Here, we show that the homologous genomic region in B. pseudomallei strain 305 is similar to that previously identified in B. thailandensis strain E264. We have named this region in B. pseudomallei strain 305 the B. thailandensis-like flagellum and chemotaxis (BTFC) gene cluster. We screened for these different genomic components across additional genome sequences and 571 B. pseudomallei DNA extracts obtained from regions of endemicity. These alternate genomic states define two distinct groups within B. pseudomallei: all strains contained either the BTFC gene cluster (group BTFC) or the YLF gene cluster (group YLF). These two groups have distinct geographic distributions: group BTFC is dominant in Australia, and group YLF is dominant in Thailand and elsewhere. In addition, clinical isolates are more likely to belong to group YLF, whereas environmental isolates are more likely to belong to group BTFC. These groups should be further characterized in an animal model.A gram-negative, soil-dwelling bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a tropical disease that is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity for people in Southeast Asia and northern Australia (3, 26). Many disease manifestations are associated with melioidosis (27, 28), which may be due to variation in host immune response, different modes of acquisition, or genomic differences among strains (3). B. pseudomallei is also a potential biological threat agent and is classified as a category B select agent (23) in the United States. The genome of B. pseudomallei shares a high degree of similarity with the genomes of B. thailandensis and B. mallei (15,19,29), although the former species is nonpathogenic and is thought to occur only in Thailand, and the latter species is believed to be restricted to specific host animals and is not isolated from the environment.Several recent studies have compared the whole-genome sequences of B. pseudomallei strains to those of sequenced strains of B. thailandensis and/or another closely related species, B. mallei (16,19,29). Genomic comparison of B. pseudomallei strain K96243 (15) and B. thailandensis strain E264 revealed high similarity between the two syntenic chromosomes, with most of the differences attributed to the presence of several virulence...

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“…Strain 319a is a clinical isolate from Thailand isolated from a case of pulmonary melioidosis. Strain Vn-rat was isolated from a rat from Viet Nam [18]. Strains 1106a and b and strains 1710a and b are paired isolates from acute and recrudescent melioidosis infections from Thai patients obtained from Dr. Sharon Peacock, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.…”

Section: Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animals were monitored carefully for 3 consecutive days for signs of morbidity and mortality. Fifty-percent lethal doses (LD50s) were calculated by the method of Reed and Muench [18]. (ii) Intratracheal route of infection e acute.…”

Section: Animal Studies and Routes Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%