Multimaterial preform coextrusion for robust chalcogenide optical fibers and tapers

Tao, Guangming; Shabahang, Soroush; Banaei, Esmaeil-Hooman; Kaufman, Joshua J.; Abouraddy, Ayman F.

doi:10.1364/ol.37.002751

Cited by 77 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This constraint is lifted by separating the core and cladding polymers with a thermally compatible inorganic buffer layer added in the preform, in which case the core and cladding may even be the same polymer. We realize this design here using PES in both the core and the cladding separated by a layer of the thermally compatible chalcogenide glass, As 2 Se 3 (49) (Fig. 3 B and C and Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-fiber production of polymeric particles for biosensing and encapsulation

Kaufman

Ottman²,

Tao

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Polymeric micro-and nanoparticles are becoming a mainstay in biomedicine, medical diagnostics, and therapeutics, where they are used in implementing sensing mechanisms, as imaging contrast agents, and in drug delivery. Current approaches to the fabrication of such particles are typically finely tuned to specific monomer or polymer species, size ranges, and structures. We present a general scalable methodology for fabricating uniformly sized spherical polymeric particles from a wide range of polymers produced with complex internal architectures and continuously tunable diameters extending from the millimeter scale down to 50 nm. Controllable access to such a wide range of sizes enables broad applications in cancer treatment, immunology, and vaccines. Our approach harnesses thermally induced, predictable fluid instabilities in composite core/cladding polymer fibers drawn from a macroscopic scaled-up model called a "preform." Through a stack-and-draw process, we produce fibers containing a multiplicity of identical cylindrical cores made of the polymers of choice embedded in a polymer cladding. The instability leads to the breakup of the initially intact cores, independent of the polymer chemistry, into necklaces of spherical particles held in isolation within the cladding matrix along the entire fiber length. We demonstrate here surface functionalization of the extracted particles for biodetection through specific protein-protein interactions, volumetric encapsulation of a biomaterial in spherical polymeric shells, and the combination of both surface and volumetric functionalities in the same particle. These particles used in distinct modalities may be produced from the desired biocompatible polymer by changing only the geometry of the macroscopic preform from which the fiber is drawn.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-fiber production of polymeric particles for biosensing and encapsulation

Kaufman

Ottman²,

Tao

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The starting point of our fabrication methodology (shown schematically in Fig. 1) is the construction of a centimeter-scale preform prepared using macroscopic processes, such as extrusion (34), casting, etc. (SI Appendix).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of preform cross-sections produced by multimaterial coextrusion (34) are presented in Fig. 1 E-G (SI Appendix, S1: Overview of the Preform Preparation Process and S2: StructuredPreform Fabrication): first, a preform core composed of alternating cylindrically nested layers of a glass (G, As 2 S 3 ) and a polymer [P, polyethersulfone (PES)]; second, a core with broken azimuthal symmetry formed of two glasses [G 1 , As 2 S 3 ; G 2 , Ge 1.3 (As 2 Se 3 ) 98.7 ] assembled from wedged segments; and third, a core combining radial and azimuthal structural engineering, consisting of a glass-core/ polymer-shell geometry in which both layers have a Janus structure-thus juxtaposing four materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital design of multimaterial photonic particles

Tao

Kaufman

Shabahang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Scattering of light from dielectric particles whose size is on the order of an optical wavelength underlies a plethora of visual phenomena in nature and is a foundation for optical coatings and paints. Tailoring the internal nanoscale geometry of such "photonic particles" allows tuning their optical scattering characteristics beyond those afforded by their constitutive materials-however, flexible yet scalable processing approaches to produce such particles are lacking. Here, we show that a thermally induced in-fiber fluid instability permits the "digital design" of multimaterial photonic particles: the precise allocation of high refractive-index contrast materials at independently addressable radial and azimuthal coordinates within its 3D architecture. Exploiting this unique capability in all-dielectric systems, we tune the scattering cross-section of equisized particles via radial structuring and induce polarization-sensitive scattering from spherical particles with broken internal rotational symmetry. The scalability of this fabrication strategy promises a generation of optical coatings in which sophisticated functionality is realized at the level of the individual particles.multimaterial fibers | particles | optical scattering | fluid instabilities T he prospect of exercising complete control over the internal 3D structure of multimaterial microparticles and nanoparticles produced in a scalable fashion has profound implications for scientific disciplines ranging from photonics (1, 2) to biomedicine (3-5), and for a multitude of industrial applications, such as cosmetics, sunscreen lotions, optical coatings, and paints (6-8). For example, most paints are emulsions containing dielectric "photonic particles" designed to optimize optical scattering through judicious selection of size-typically on the order of an optical wavelengthand refractive index (9). Further tailoring their scattering characteristics requires tuning an internal high refractive-index contrast nanoscale architecture, which remains an outstanding fabrication challenge despite recent progress (10-14). Indeed, the process kinetics in bottom-up and top-down particle fabrication strategies impose fundamental constraints on the extent of structural control and the magnitude of refractive-index contrast. To date, there is no viable approach for what may be termed "digital design" of a photonic particle: the precise placement of disparate materials compartmentalized at independently addressable coordinates within a particle at the scale of an optical wavelength. Such structural control is envisioned to introduce entirely new optical functionalities that exploit the particle's resonances (15), such as the elimination of backscattering and increasing the directionality of optical scattering (16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Nevertheless, mapping out the phase function of a single isolated photonic particle-to verify its functionality without ensemble averaging-has proven so far to be prohibitively difficult, leading to measurements being carried out on scaled-up pa...

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“…The fi rst step in thermal drawing multimaterial HOFs (Figure 2 a) is the fabrication of the macroscopic preform, which contains the complex structure as well as the relevant materials (or their precursors). Different materials are assembled in the preform via the thin-fi lm rolling technique for cylindrical fi bers, [ 25,29,30 ] via the stack-and-draw method commonly used for MOFs, [ 15,31 ] via extrusion, [ 24,32,33 ] or by machining and assembling materials together using consolidation in a vacuum oven or in a hot press. [ 25,34,35 ] The resulting preform assembly forms a solid object that represents the macroscopic version of the targeted fi ber.…”

Section: Direct Thermal Drawing Of Multimaterials Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have been extensively used in photonic crystal fi bers owing to their large refractive index [ 29,30 ] and strongly nonlinear properties. [ 24,32,108,109 ] They are also used for IR fi bers and in particular Multimaterial IR fi bers, as pure chalcogenide glasses can exhibit extremely low absorption in different parts of the IR spectrum depending on their composition. [ 109,110 ] In the visible, however, chalcogenides can be highly absorbing and materials such as Selenium can exhibit high charge (hole) mobilities in its crystalline hexagonal phase.…”

Section: Thermally Drawn Optoelectronic Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Optical Fibers – An Innovative Platform for In‐Fiber Photonic Devices

Schmidt

Argyros

Sorin

2015

Advanced Optical Materials

164

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The field of hybrid optical fibers is one of the most active research areas in current fiber optics and has the vision of integrating sophisticated materials inside fibers, which are not traditionally used in fiber optics. Novel in‐fiber devices with unique properties have been developed, opening up new directions for fiber optics in fields of critical interest in modern research, such as biophotonics, environmental science, optoelectronics, metamaterials, remote sensing, medicine, or quantum optics. Here the recent progress in the field of hybrid optical fibers is reviewed from an application perspective, focusing on fiber‐integrated devices enabled by including novel materials inside polymer and glass fibers. The topics discussed range from nanowire‐based plasmonics and hyperlenses, to integrated semiconductor devices such as optoelectronic detectors, and intense light generation unlocked by highly nonlinear hybrid waveguides.

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Multimaterial preform coextrusion for robust chalcogenide optical fibers and tapers

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

In-fiber production of polymeric particles for biosensing and encapsulation

In-fiber production of polymeric particles for biosensing and encapsulation

Digital design of multimaterial photonic particles

Hybrid Optical Fibers – An Innovative Platform for In‐Fiber Photonic Devices

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