This Special Session will examine the opportunities and challenges associated with developing and implementing authentic assessments in XR to inform teachers, faculty, researchers, and industry trainers interested in advancements in this field. Methods for conducting real-time assessments in XR environments will be demonstrated and include audience participation. A brief introduction regarding the state of assessment in XR will be presented by moderator Dr. Cindy Ziker, followed by four presenters and an interactive discussion on assessment in XR that will include topics posed by the audience. Evelien Ydo will present on performance-based assessment (PBA) and simulation-based assessment (SBA) using virtual reality. Dr. Diego Zapata-Rivera's presentation will focus on conducting adaptive, embedded assessments that leverage the virtual presence of experts, teachers, and observers, and interactions with virtual agents and virtual objects. Dr. Mathew Hillier will present on the "Transforming Assessment Project", that includes the use of unique software tools and augmented reality. Dr. Michael Casale will present on innovations in work-based assessment and industry training.