“…However, the sheer volume and rate at which information is being created and disseminated necessitate developing automated ways of validating information. Several methods have, hence, been developed recently for detecting rumors on online forums [5,11,14,16,27,23], digital manipulations of images [3,28,29,30], and semantic inconsistencies in multimedia data [8,24]. While the detection of digital manipulation has gained most of the research attention over the years, rumor detection and semantic integrity verification are much newer areas of research.…”