Multimessenger tests of Einstein's weak equivalence principle and Lorentz invariance with a high-energy neutrino from a flaring blazar

Wei, Jun-Jie; Zhang, Bin-Bin; Shao, L.; Gao, He; Li, Ye; Yin, Q. Q.; Wu, Xue-Feng; Wang, Xiangyu; Zhang, Bing; Dai, Z. G.

doi:10.1016/j.jheap.2019.01.002

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The first multimessenger test of WEP was between photons and neutrinos with SN 1987A, which showed that neutrinos obey GR to the limits of the measurement (Krauss and Tremaine 1988;Longo 1988). These constraints can be improved using the likely association of IceCube-170922A to the flaring Fermi-LAT blazar (Aartsen et al 2018;Wei et al 2019). Tests have also been performed within photons, GWs, and neutrinos (e.g., Longo 1988;Gao et al 2015;Wei et al 2015Wei et al , 2016Kahya and Desai 2016).…”

Section: The Weak Equivalence Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron star mergers and how to study them

Burns

2020

Living Rev Relativ

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Neutron star mergers are the canonical multimessenger events: they have been observed through photons for half a century, gravitational waves since 2017, and are likely to be sources of neutrinos and cosmic rays. Studies of these events enable unique insights into astrophysics, particles in the ultrarelativistic regime, the heavy element enrichment history through cosmic time, cosmology, dense matter, and fundamental physics. Uncovering this science requires vast observational resources, unparalleled coordination, and advancements in theory and simulation, which are constrained by our current understanding of nuclear, atomic, and astroparticle physics. This review begins with a summary of our current knowledge of these events, the expected observational signatures, and estimated detection rates for the next decade. I then present the key observations necessary to advance our understanding of these sources, followed by the broad science this enables. I close with a discussion on the necessary future capabilities to fully utilize these enigmatic sources to understand our universe.

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Section: The Weak Equivalence Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron star mergers and how to study them

Burns

2020

Living Rev Relativ

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“…Some works have used IC-170922A event to constrain the neutrino velocity and the LIV by the timeof-flight delay, e.g., Refs. [16][17][18]. In this work, we will examine the constraints on the superluminal neutrino velocity and the corresponding LIV due to the energy loss of vacuum pair production process for IC-170922A event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting superluminal neutrino velocity and Lorentz invariance violation by neutrino emission from the blazar TXS 0506+056

Wang

Shao

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. D

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The detection of high-energy neutrino coincident with the blazar TXS 0506 þ 056 provides a unique opportunity to test Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in the neutrino sector. Thanks to the precisely measured redshift, i.e., z ¼ 0.3365, the comoving distance of the neutrino source is determined. In this work, we obtain and discuss the constraints on the superluminal neutrino velocity δ ν and the LIV by considering the energy loss of superluminal neutrino during propagation. Given superluminal electron velocity (δ e ≥ 0), a very stringent constraint on superluminal neutrino velocity can be reached, i.e., δ ν ≲ 1.3 × 10 −18 , corresponding to the quantum gravity (QG) scale M QG;1 ≳ 5.7 × 10 3 M Pl and M QG;2 ≳ 9.3 × 10 −6 M Pl for linear (quadratic) LIV, which are ∼12 orders of magnitude tighter for linear LIV and ∼9 orders tighter for quadratic LIV compared to the time-of-flight constraint from MeV neutrinos of SN 1987A. While given the subluminal electron velocity, a weaker constraint on the superluminal neutrino velocity is obtained, i.e., δ ν ≲ 8 × 10 −17 , which is consistent with the conclusions of previous works. We also study the neutrino detection probability due to the distortion of neutrino spectral shape during propagation, which gives slightly weaker constraints than above by a factor of ∼2.

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“…The majority of previous attempts to constrain violations of the WEP via ∆γ ij with GRBs [18,[51][52][53][54], FRBs [6,[55][56][57][58], Supernovae [59,60], Gravitational Waves [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69], Blazar Flares [70][71][72][73][74] or Pulsars [75][76][77][78] have assumed that the gravitational potential is dominated by the contribution from the Milky Way and/or other massive objects such as the Laniakea supercluster. This has two major shortcomings for distant sources: firstly the gravitational potential in Equation 2 should be a fluctuation about the cosmological mean (and thus can take either sign, unlike in the multiple-source approximation where it is strictly additive), and secondly the long range behaviour of the gravitational potential means that we cannot neglect the large-scale distribution of mass [8,9].…”

Section: B Comparison With the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on Equivalence Principle Violation from Gamma Ray Bursts

Bartlett,

Bergsdal,

Desmond

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Theories of gravity that obey the Weak Equivalence Principle have the same Parametrised Post-Newtonian parameter γ for all particles at all energies. The large Shapiro time delays of extragalactic sources allow us to put tight constraints on differences in γ between photons of different frequencies from spectral lag data, since a non-zero ∆γ would result in a frequency-dependent arrival time. The majority of previous constraints have assumed that the Shapiro time delay is dominated by a few local massive objects, although this is a poor approximation for distant sources. In this work we consider the cosmological context of these sources by developing a source-by-source, Monte Carlo-based forward model for the Shapiro time delays by combining constrained realisations of the local density field using the BORG algorithm with unconstrained large-scale modes. Propagating uncertainties in the density field reconstruction and marginalising over an empirical model describing other contributions to the time delay, we use spectral lag data of Gamma Ray Bursts from the BATSE satellite to constrain ∆γ < 3.4 × 10 −15 at 1σ confidence between photon energies of 25 keV and 325 keV.

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Multimessenger tests of Einstein's weak equivalence principle and Lorentz invariance with a high-energy neutrino from a flaring blazar

Cited by 27 publications

References 56 publications

Neutron star mergers and how to study them

Neutron star mergers and how to study them

Limiting superluminal neutrino velocity and Lorentz invariance violation by neutrino emission from the blazar TXS 0506+056

Constraints on Equivalence Principle Violation from Gamma Ray Bursts

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