Multimethod Applying GC-AED to Water Samples

Stan, Hans‐Jürgen; Linkerhägner, Manfred

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-01063-1_3

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is excreted to a significant degree (70−80% of the therapeutic dose) as the parent compound (free or conjugated) or in the form of metabolites ( 2, 4, 5 ). Its physicochemical properties suggest a rather high mobility in the aquatic environment, and in fact, IB has been detected in wastewater and in rivers along with several other pharmaceutical compounds ( − ). There is growing concern on the occurrence, fate, and possible effects of such substances in the environment ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of the Chiral Pharmaceutical Drug Ibuprofen in Surface Waters and in Wastewater

Buser¹,

Poiger²,

Müller³

1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

607

320

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pharmaceutical compounds can reach detectable concentrations in rivers and lakes if production and use are sufficiently large and the compounds show some mobility and persistence in the aquatic environment. In this study, we report on the occurrence and on the enantiomer composition of the chiral pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (IB) in surface waters and in samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Enantioselective gas chromatography and detection by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used for analysis. IB was present in influents of WWTPs at concentrations of up to 3 µg/L with a high enantiomeric excess of the pharmacologically active S enantiomer (S . R), as from human urinary excretion. The principal human urinary metabolites of IB, hydroxy-IB and carboxy-IB, were observed in WWTP influents at even higher concentrations. In contrast to other pharmaceutical compounds such as clofibric acid and diclofenac, IB and its metabolites are then efficiently degraded (>95%) during treatment in WWTPs. Laboratory incubation experiments confirmed this rapid degradation. In rivers and lakes, IB was detected at concentrations of up to 8 ng/L, generally with some excess of the S enantiomer; the IB metabolites were not detected (<1 ng/L). Incubation of lake water fortified with (rac)-IB indicated a faster dissipation of the S enantiomer, thus resulting eventually in residues with a reversed (R > S) enantiomer composition as compared to that from human metabolism. Inefficient WWTPs and direct discharges of untreated wastewater from storm events, however, can still be a source for increased levels of IB in surface water.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of the Chiral Pharmaceutical Drug Ibuprofen in Surface Waters and in Wastewater

Buser¹,

Poiger²,

Müller³

1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

607

320

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Richardson and Bowden's17 study predicted pharmaceutical concentrations to be at or above 0.1 μg/L in the River Lee in England. Pentobarbital, meprobamate, and phensuximide have been measured in an anaerobic ground water plume,18 and the blood lipid regulator clofibric acid has been detected in tap water in Berlin and in surface waters at various Germans sites 19–21. Antibiotics,22, 23 steroids,24, 25 and antineoplastic agents26, 27 have all been detected in river and potable water or wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer‐immobilized cyclodextrin trapping of model organic pollutants in flowing water streams

Orprecio

Evans

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epichlorohydrin-crosslinked ␤-cyclodextrin polymers (BCDPs) were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared. Beads of the BCDPs were used to pack a column for trapping organic contaminants in flowing water (flow rate ϭ 5-32 mL/min). The contaminants were naphthalene (a model for polyaromatic hydrocarbons), naproxen (a model for pollutants of pharmaceutical origin), and 2-naphthol (a model for pesticides with pH-dependent ionization states). The trapping efficiencies were determined with fluorescence spectroscopy as the analytical technique. The best trapping efficiencies were obtained for BCDPs with a nominal cyclodextrin/epichlorohydrin ratio of 1:29. Trapping was highly efficient for naphthalene (98%) and 2-naphthol (70%), but it was much less efficient for naproxen (18%). Possible causes for these differences were examined. The trapped organics could be flushed from the column with an ethanol wash. The recovery of the organics with this approach was very good (Ͼ95%). This simple column design, made of inexpensive and reusable materials, has potential applications in water remediation and water sampling.

show abstract

“…These include industrial chemicals, agrochemicals (pesticides) and fertilizers, detergents and surfactants, plasticizers, and others. Previous studies have also shown that pharmaceutical compounds can reach detectable concentrations in the environment if production and use are sufficiently large and the physicochemical properties are appropriate ( − ). If the compounds are mobile in the aquatic environment, they may then become detectable in rivers and lakes in very much the same way as other environmental contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Fate of the Pharmaceutical Drug Diclofenac in Surface Waters: Rapid Photodegradation in a Lake

Buser¹,

Poiger²,

Müller³

1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

480

241

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pharmaceutical drug diclofenac (2- [(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid) was detected in rivers and lakes in Switzerland. The data strongly suggest inputs of diclofenac from human medical use via wastewater treatment plants. Interestingly, the concentrations in a major tributary to a lake (Greifensee) were significantly higher (up to 370 ng/L) than those in the outflow of this lake (up to 12 ng/L). It is estimated that more than 90% of the diclofenac entering the lake is eliminated in the lake, most likely by photolytic degradation. Diclofenac was not detected in the sediments of the lake, and in a laboratory experiment, it showed negligible adsorption onto sediment particles. Incubation of lake water, fortified with diclofenac, showed no degradation in the dark, suggesting minimal chemical and biological degradation. However, when the fortified water was exposed to sunlight, rapid photodegradation was observed with a (pseudo) first-order kinetic and a half-life of less than 1 h (October and 47°N latitude). Modeling these experimental data for the situation of Greifensee, the data indicated that photodegradation can account for the rapid elimination of diclofenac in the lake. Several photoproducts were characterized in the laboratory experiments but were so far not detected under the natural conditions in the lake. Whereas photodegradation is often one among several degradation pathways for environmental contaminants, the photolysis experiments and the computer simulation suggested this process to be the predominant one for diclofenac in the lake.

show abstract

Multimethod Applying GC-AED to Water Samples

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of the Chiral Pharmaceutical Drug Ibuprofen in Surface Waters and in Wastewater

Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of the Chiral Pharmaceutical Drug Ibuprofen in Surface Waters and in Wastewater

Polymer‐immobilized cyclodextrin trapping of model organic pollutants in flowing water streams

Occurrence and Fate of the Pharmaceutical Drug Diclofenac in Surface Waters: Rapid Photodegradation in a Lake

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About