Multimodal dynamic and unclonable anti-counterfeiting using robust diamond microparticles on heterogeneous substrate

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have attracted growing interest for anticounterfeiting and authentication applications. The practical applications require durable PUFs made of robust materials. This study reports a practical strategy to generate extremely robust PUFs by embedding random features onto a substrate. The chaotic and low-cost electrohydrodynamic deposition process generates random polymeric features over a negative-tone photoresist film. These polymer features function as a conformal photomask, which protects the underlying photoresist from UV light, thereby enabling the generation of randomly positioned holes. Dry plasma etching of the substrate and removal of the photoresist result in the transfer of random features to the underlying silicon substrate. The matching of binary keys and features via different algorithms facilitates authentication of features. The embedded PUFs exhibit extreme levels of thermal (∼1000 °C) and mechanical stability that exceed the state of the art. The strength of this strategy emerges from the PUF generation directly on the substrate of interest, with stability that approaches the intrinsic properties of the underlying material. Benefiting from the materials and processes widely used in the semiconductor industry, this strategy shows strong promise for anticounterfeiting and device security applications.

“…(c) Flame and pressurized water stability tests of ultradurable embedded PUFs. (d) Comparison of the thermal stability of PUFs with the literature. ,,,,− …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultradurable Embedded Physically Unclonable Functions

Esidir,

Pekdemir,

Kalay

et al. 2024

“…When evaluating PUFs security, uniqueness, reliability, and bit uniformity are typically considered. ,, Additionally, the coding capacity and authentication threshold are also important performance parameters for practical applications. The uniqueness of PUFs evaluates the difference between responses from different PUFs by calculating the Hamming distance (HD).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasonable choice of entropy source is crucial for the construction of high security level PUFs. According to the type of entropy source, PUFs are categorized into different types, such as electrical PUFs and optical PUFs. − Optical PUFs have gained increased attention due to high contrast responses and encoding capacity since Pappu et al proposes the concept of PUF in 2002. − Scattering PUFs, such as laser scattering patterns , and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanoparticles , are modulated by the laser parameters and the geometry of nanoparticles. However, the scattering PUFs are unreliable due to the sensitivity to the fluctuation of excitation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Unclonable Functions Based on Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles

Wang,

et al. 2024

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) based on uncontrollable fabrication randomness are promising candidates for anticounterfeiting applications. Currently, the most popular optical PUFs are generally constructed from the scattering, fluorescent, or Raman phenomenon of nanomaterials. To further improve the security level of optical PUFs, advanced functions transparent to the above optical phenomenon have always been perused by researchers. Herein, we propose a new type of PUF based on the photothermal effect of gold nanoparticles, which shows negligible scattering, fluorescent, or Raman responses. The gold nanoparticles are randomly dispersed onto the surface of fused silica, which can enhance the photothermal effect and facilitate high contrast responses. By tuning the areal density of the gold nanoparticles, the optimized encoding capacity (2 319 ) and the total authentication error probability (3.6428 × 10 −24 ) are achieved from our PUF due to excellent bit uniformity (0.519) and inter Hamming distances (0.503). Moreover, the intra-Hamming distance (0.044) indicates the desired reliability. This advanced PUF with invisible features and high contrast responses provides a promising opportunity to implement authentication and identification with high security.

“…The fourth key indicator is robustness, which assesses the ability of 3DBPL to withstand external interference. , The formula is as follows: robustness = 1 − 1 J ∑ j = 1 J H D false( Q l , Q l , j false) M where J is the number of interferences to the same 3DBPLs and HD ( Q l , Q l , j ) is the Hamming intradistance of l th rows in the key before and after jamming. For flexible labels, it is crucial to increase both the storage longevity and resistance against bending.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Challenge–Response Systems of a Three-Dimensional “Bionic” Fluorescent Physically Unclonable Function Label

Li,

Yang

et al. 2024

Inspired by the light and dark variations observed in natural cloud clusters under sunlight, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) "bionic" fluorescent physically unclonable function (PUF) label. The minimalist preparation process eliminates the need for expensive traditional instruments, thus offering new insight into the widespread adoption of 3D PUF labels. The Eu(CCA) 3 (H 2 O) 2 powder, which is the first to propose its secondary building unit, was chosen as the fluorescent material. Its 3D morphology is preserved in the resin to mimic cloud-like structures. Furthermore, the luminescent properties are elucidated through experimental tests and first-principles calculations. To overcome the coding capacity limitation of traditional two-dimensional (2D) fluorescent PUF labels, a dual challenge− response system model is proposed. The shallow and deep models provide anticounterfeiting information from macro and micro perspectives, respectively. This successfully increases the encoding capacity from 2 10×10 to 2 100×10000 for a 10 × 10 pixel binary code. Therefore, 3D "bionic" fluorescent PUF labels strike a balance between the simple usage of PUF labels and enhanced label security.