Multimodal Interaction: Correlates of Learners’ Metacognitive Skill Training Negotiation Experience

Abstract

Metacognitive training reflects knowledge, consideration and control over decision-making and task performance evident in any social and learning context. Interest in understanding the best account of effective (win-win) negotiation emerges in different social and cultural interactions worldwide. The research presented in this paper explores an extended study of metacognitive training system during negotiation using an embodied conversational agent. It elaborates on the findings from the usability evaluation employing 40 adult learners pre- and postinteraction with the system, reporting on the usability and metacognitive, individual- and community-level related attributes. Empirical evidence indicates (a) higher levels of self-efficacy, individual readiness to change and civic action after user-system experience, (b) significant and positive direct associations between self-efficacy, self-regulation, interpersonal and problem-solving skills, individual readiness to change, mastery goal orientation and civic action pre- and postinteraction and (c) gender differences in the perceptions of system usability performance according to country of origin. Theoretical and practical implications in tandem with future research avenues are discussed in light of embodied conversational agent metacognitive training in negotiation.

The need for a female perspective in designing agent-based negotiation support

“…Interactivity in existing NTSs ranges from passive user interaction (such as a personalized voice-overs that articulate the negotiator's thoughts at each step [9]), or scripted interaction (where participants can choose their speech acts from a set of options in a menu [13]), to no textual input at all [22]. Others choose semi-interactive methods, in which participants react to an offer by selecting an option -i.e., accept, propose a counter-offer, or walk away -complement by argumentation, either in written or verbal format [40]. Design choices on interactivity levels mainly depend on the research narrative, the desired level of control, and technical feasibility [36].…”