Multimodal investigation of rat hepatitis E virus antigenicity: Implications for infection, diagnostics, and vaccine efficacy

Sridhar, Siddharth; Situ, Jianwen; Cai, Jian‐Piao; Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan; Wu, Shusheng; Zhang, Anna Jinxia; Wen, Lei; Chew, Nicholas Foo-Siong; Chan, Wan-Mui; Poon, Rosana W.S.; Chan, Jasper Fuk‐Woo; Tsang, Dominic N.C.; Chen, Honglin; Xia, Ningshao; Yuen, Kwok‐Yung

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.12.028

Cited by 43 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Sridhar et al reported that HEV-C infections accounted for 8% of all genotyped hepatitis E cases in Hong Kong (28,34). We therefore expected to find at least some cases of HEV-C1 among the limited number of patients tested, as anti-HEV antibodies are prevalent in our region, particularly in the population investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…They found that among the 8 cases of HEV-C infection included 7 were immunocompromised and 3 of them developed a chronic infection. Moreover, prior exposure to HEV-A does not protect against an HEV-C1 infection (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Sridhar et al recently investigated the divergence between HEV-C1 and HEV-A, the usual cause of human hepatitis (34) because genomic divergence reduces the capacity of existing tests to diagnose HEV-C. Human HEV-based antigen and antibody assays, even molecular assays, may not diagnose HEV-C1 infections. We therefore developed an in-house RT-PCR assay to look for HEV-C RNA and tested the samples for anti-HEV-C antibodies using the Wantai IgM and IgG kits, which cross-react with both anti-HEV-A and anti-HEV-C antibodies (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, serological and molecular assays that discriminate between HEV-A and HEV-C would be valuable for determining the real distribution of rat HEV worldwide. Immunoblot assays could help to distinguish the serological profiles of HEV infections (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capture antigen in these kits is an ORF2 fragment of HEV-A genotype 1. We used the Wantai kits since they cross-react with both anti-HEV-A and anti-HEV-C antibodies (34). Sample were considered as positive if the signal to cut-off ratio (S/Co) was >1.…”

Section: Serological Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rat Hepatitis E Virus: Presence in Humans in South-Western France?

Parraud¹,

Lhomme

Péron

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Background: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is one of the most common causes of hepatitis worldwide, and South-Western France is a high HEV seroprevalence area. While most cases of HEV infection are associated with the species Orthohepevirus-A, several studies have reported a few cases of HEV infections due to Orthohepevirus-C (HEV-C) that usually infects rats. Most of these human cases have occurred in immunocompromised patients. We have screened for the presence of HEV-C in our region.Methods and Results: We tested 224 sera, mostly from immunocompromised patients, for HEV-C RNA using an in-house real time RT-PCR. Liver function tests gave elevated results in 63% of patients: mean ALT was 159 IU/L (normal < 40 IU/L). Anti-HEV IgG (49%) and anti-HEV IgM (9.4%) were frequently present but none of the samples tested positive for HEV-C RNA.Conclusion: HEV-C does not circulate in the human population of South-Western France, despite the high seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serological Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rat Hepatitis E Virus: Presence in Humans in South-Western France?

Parraud¹,

Lhomme

Péron

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) open reading frame 2: Role in pathogenesis and diagnosis in HEV infections

Sayed

Ramadan

Hafez

et al. 2022

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occurs worldwide. The HEV genome includes three to four open reading frames (ORF1‐4). ORF1 proteins are essential for viral replication, while the ORF3 protein is an ion channel involved in the exit of HEV from the infected cells. ORF2 proteins form the viral capsid required for HEV invasion and assembly. They also suppress interferon production and inhibit antibody‐mediated neutralisation of HEV, allowing the virus to hijack the host immune response. ORF2 is the only detectable viral protein in the human liver during HEV infection and it is secreted in the plasma, stool, and urine of HEV‐infected patients, making it a reliable diagnostic marker. The plasma HEV ORF2 antigen level can predict the outcome of HEV infections. Hence, monitoring HEV ORF2 antigen levels may be useful in assessing the efficacy of anti‐HEV therapy. The ORF2 antigen is immunogenic and includes epitopes that can induce neutralising antibodies; therefore, it is a potential HEV vaccine candidate. In this review, we highlighted the different forms of HEV ORF2 protein and their roles in HEV pathogenesis, diagnosis, monitoring the therapeutic efficacy, and vaccine development.

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Animal Models for Hepatitis E Virus

Liu

Wang

2023

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Multimodal investigation of rat hepatitis E virus antigenicity: Implications for infection, diagnostics, and vaccine efficacy

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Rat Hepatitis E Virus: Presence in Humans in South-Western France?

Rat Hepatitis E Virus: Presence in Humans in South-Western France?

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) open reading frame 2: Role in pathogenesis and diagnosis in HEV infections

Animal Models for Hepatitis E Virus

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