Chapter 1. Sensory linguistics 1.1. Introduction Humans live in a perceptual world. All of humanity's accomplishments, from agriculture to space travel, depend on us being able to interact with the world through seeing, feeling, hearing, tasting, and smelling. Everything we do, everything we feel, everything we know, is mediated through the senses. Because the senses are so important to us, it is not surprising that all languages have resources for talking about the content of sensory perception. Miller and Johnson-Laird (1976, p. 3) remind us that "word-percept associations are fundamental" to language. Rakova (2003, p. 34) says that we do not have words "just because it is nice for us to have them," but because they are "devices that connect us to the external world." In fact, without the ability to express perceptual content, language would be useless. "Sensory linguistics" is the study of how language relates to the senses. It addresses such fundamental questions as: How are sensory perceptions packaged into words? Which perceptual qualities are easier to talk about than others? How do languages differ in how perception is encoded? And how do words relate to the underlying perceptual systems in the brain? The time is ripe for bringing these questions and many others together. Research into the connection between language and perception has a long tradition in the language sciences. Among other things, researchers have looked at how many words there are for particular sensory modalities (e.g., Viberg, 1983), how frequently particular sensory perceptions are talked about (e.g., San