Multimodal Molecular Imaging in the Second Near-Infrared Window

Abstract

Near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging has rapidly developed for the noninvasive investigation of physiological and pathological activities in living organisms with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, the penetration depth of fluorescence restricts its ability to provide deep anatomical information. Scientists integrate NIR-II fluorescence imaging with other imaging modes (such as photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging) to create multimodal imaging that can acquire detailed anatomical and quantitative information with deeper penetration by using multifunctional probes. This review offers a comprehensive picture of NIR-II-based dual/multimodal imaging probes and highlights advances in bioimaging and therapy. In addition, seminal studies and trends in multimodal imaging probes activated by NIR-II laser are summarized and several key points regarding future clinical translation are elucidated.

Application of second near infrared fluorescence imaging to trace CelTrac1000-labeled hair follicle epidermal neural crest stem cells in repairing rat facial nerve defects

“…Additionally, some studies suggested that green uorescent protein-transfected cells could emit green uorescence with the assistance of the in vivo imaging systems, although most studies of green uorescent protein-labeled cells after transplantation have so far been limited to tissue sections [15]. Since 2019, the exploration of the second near-infrared window (NIR-II; 1,000-1,700 nm) optical imaging system, and the development and utilization of new uorescent probes have driven advances in real-time visualization and monitoring of post-transplant stem cells in vivo [16,17]. NIR-II optical imaging system can detect tissue at depths of centimeters and achieve micron resolution at millimeter depths.…”